不同高度和间距下跳深动作中膝关节力学和周围肌肉的激活特征  

Knee joint mechanics and activation characteristics of surrounding muscles during deep jumps at different heights and distances

作　　者：毕耕超 张彦龙[1] 李秋月 胡龙威 张愉 Bi Gengchao;Zhang Yanlong;Li Qiuyue;Hu Longwei;Zhang Yu(Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院,黑龙江省牡丹江市157011

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第8期1211-1218,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅项目(1352MSYYB009),项目负责人:张彦龙;牡丹江师范学院2021年研究生科技创新项目(kjcx2021-121mdjnu),项目负责人:毕耕超;牡丹江师范学院2021年研究生科技创新项目(kjcx2021-119mdjnu),项目负责人:胡龙威。

摘　　要：背景:以往研究表明,跳深的高度对膝关节和周围肌肉有着重要的影响,而跳深间距的研究较为少见,更加缺乏相关的力学仿真结合表面肌电的研究。目的:分析不同高度和间距条件下跳深动作中膝关节的力学特征和周围肌肉的激活特征,比较这些数据的差异。方法:根据不同高度和间距将动作划分为:A组0.45 m×0.50 m、B组0.45 m×0.90 m、C组0.60 m×0.50 m和D组0.60 m×0.90 m(高度×间距)4组。招募和筛选16名下肢无损伤史的男性测试者。测试者依次进行4组动作的测试,运用Qualisys动作捕捉系统、AMTI测力台和Delsys表面肌电系统同步采集受试者跳深过程中的运动学、动力学和肌电信号等数据,借助OpenSim4.3仿真软件计算膝关节动力学及肌肉激活表现。结果与结论:间距和高度为0.45 m×0.50 m条件下,间距和高度的增加均会增加膝关节的屈曲角度(P=0.033,P=0.024)。在高度为0.60 m,间距的增加会降低股直肌和股中间肌的肌力最大值(P=0.010,P=0.007),同时增加胫骨前肌肌力最大值(P=0.018)。在预激活阶段,跳深高度和间距都会影响主动肌和拮抗肌激活程度,间距增大会增加膝关节的共激活比(P=0.045),降低股二头肌∶股外侧肌和股内侧肌∶股外侧肌的共激活指数(P=0.016,P=0.012);高度增加会增加膝关节的共激活比,但是组间差异不显著。结果提示,在一定范围内间距增加会减少跳深动作膝关节关节受力,增加其稳定性和周围肌肉激活,会降低股直肌、股中间肌的峰值肌力。高度和间距为0.45 m×0.90 m组合跳深中膝关节的稳定性和肌肉的协同收缩较其他组表现好,但是要考虑运动专项的目的进行调整。BACKGROUND:Previous research has indicated that the height of a drop jump has a significant impact on the knee joint and surrounding muscles;however,investigations on the distance of the drop jump are rare and relevant mechanical simulations combined with surface electromyography studies are particularly lacking.OBJECTIVE:To compare the mechanical features of the knee joint and the activation characteristics of the surrounding muscles during drop jumps at various heights and distances.METHODS:Based on varied heights and distances,the motions were separated into four groups(height×distance):group A(0.45 m×0.50 m),group B(0.45 m×0.90 m),group C(0.60 m×0.50 m),and group D(0.60 m×0.90 m).Sixteen male testers with no history of lower limb injury were recruited and selected.The Qualisys motion capture system,AMTI force plate,and Delsys surface electromyography system were used to collect data on kinematic,kinetic,and electromyographic signals during the subjects’drop jumps.OpenSim 4.3 simulation software was used to calculate knee joint kinetics and muscle activation performance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the 0.45 m×0.50 m condition,increases in both distance and height increased the knee flexion angle(P=0.033,P=0.024).Enhanced distance lowered the maximum muscle strength of the rectus femoris and middle femoris(P=0.010,P=0.007),but increased the maximum muscle strength of the anterior tibialis(P=0.018)at a height of 0.60 m.The activation of the hamstrings and antagonist muscles was impacted by drop jump height and distance during the pre-activation period.Increased distance raised the co-activation ratio of the knee(P=0.045)and lowered the co-activation indexes of the biceps femoris:lateralis femoris and medialis femoris:lateralis femoris(P=0.016,P=0.012).Increased height elevated the co-activation ratio of the knee joint,but no significant difference was found among groups.These findings indicate that increasing the distance within a given range reduces joint stresses on the knee joint during drop jumps whi

关 键 词：跳深 高度 间距 膝关节 仿真 运动学 动力学 肌肉激活 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R322.72