从“主静”到“动”中用功——宋明理学工夫趋向及内在逻辑探析  

Effort from“Stillness”to“Motion”--On the effort tendency of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism and its Internal Logic

作　　者：马寄 方玲琴 Ma ji;FANG Ling-qin(College of Marxism,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 360000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学马克思主义学院,福建漳州360000

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期18-24,30,共8页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金西部项目“明代气化心学研究”(项目编号:19XZX005)。

摘　　要：宋明理学的核心是本然“心体”的探析及发明本然“心体”的工夫法门。宋明理学工夫发展趋势是从“静中用功”转向“动”“静”相贯,其内在逻辑是对本然“心体”的不同认知。周敦颐工夫法门为“主静”,这源于他对本然“心体”的无欲的理解。这奠定了宋明理学工夫的历史和逻辑起点。朱熹将“心体”划分为“未发”“已发”。基于此,他倡导“动”“静”交互用功。王阳明由龙场悟道而跻入圣域,其最初工夫法门是“静中用功”。后来,他认识到“静”中用功工夫有流入“空虚”之弊,于是转而主张“动”中用功,并于这一工夫视域下实现其思想的第二次飞跃-“致良知”。明儒殿军刘宗周的工夫法门是“动”“静”相贯。这源于他对本然“心体”的理解。The core of Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties(NCSMD) is to analyze the natural “mind body” and to create an effort approach to it. The development trend of the NCSMD effort is from “effort in stillness” to the integration of “stillness” and “motion”, and their difference derives from their different cognition of the natural “mind body”. Zhou Dunyi approached effort through “stillness” because of his desireless interpretation of the natural mind body, which lays a historical and logical starting point for NCSMD. Zhu Xi classified the “mind body” into “pre-application”(wei fa) and “applicated”(yi fa). For this reason, he advocated effort through the interaction between “stillness” and “motion”.Wang Yangming, who became a sage for his epiphany in Longchang, believed in effort through “stillness” in the beginning.However, he began to realize that effort through “stillness” is likely to fall into “emptiness”, so he turned to effort through “motion”, based on which he achieved a second leap in his thoughts through the “recuperation of conscience”. Liu Zongzhou, a Confucian scholar in Ming Dynasty, advocated effort through the integration of “stillness and motion”, which stems from his understanding of the natural “mind body”.

关 键 词：“心体” 工夫 “动” “静” 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]