微肥对植物生长作用及施用技术的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effects of Micro-fertilizers on Plant Growth and Application Techniques

作　　者：马琦琦 李丽君 王斌[2] 霍晓兰 刘平 MA Qi-qi;LI Li-jun;WANG Bin(College of Life Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第13期4-6,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技成果转化引导专项项目(201904D131054);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题项目(YCX2018D2T01);山西省专利推广实施资助专项项目(2019043);科技部重点研发项目(2016YFD0800105-5)。

摘　　要：随着粮食作物生产过程中人们愈加重视氮、磷、钾大量元素肥料的施用,致使大量元素化肥施用量居高不下,导致土壤中的微量元素不断被消耗。因此,微量元素逐渐成为制约粮食产量与品质的重要因素。为了研究不同微量元素在作物生长发育过程中发挥的作用,探索微量元素对作物生长生理及营养品质方面的影响,同时研究不同微肥在作物种植中的施用方法与施用量,从而提高作物产量与品质,为人体增加营养物质。总结近十年不同微量元素对作物生长发育影响的研究以及微肥施用的具体方法,研究结果表明,微量元素对作物的生长生理和营养品质有一定的促进作用。微量元素的施用可以有效地提高作物产量、生物量、茎粗、株高,增加叶绿素含量,提高光合作用,提高抗氧化酶活性,也可以增加作物中的蛋白量、可溶性糖、淀粉、维生素等营养物质浓度。植物对微量元素的需求量少,微肥的施用应控制好用量和浓度,主要施用方式有土壤基施、浸种拌种和叶面喷施,也可以与大量元素和有机肥配合施用,以达到增产增收、提高作物品质的效果。对前人的研究结果进行总结概括,可为农业生产中合理施用微量元素肥料、扩大微量元素对作物的施用范围、提高粮食产量与品质提供借鉴与参考。As people pay more attention to the application of N,P,K bulk element fertilizer in the production of food crops,the application amount of NPK bulk element fertilizer remains high,resulting in constant consumption of trace elements in soil.Therefore,trace elements gradually become an important factor restricting grain yield and quality.In order to understand the role of different trace elements in the process of crop growth and development,explored the effects of trace elements on crop growth physiology and nutritional quality,and studied the application methods and dosage of different trace fertilizers in crop planting,so as to improve crop yield and quality and increase nutrients for human body.This paper analyzed and summarized the effects of different trace elements on crop growth and development and the specific methods of micro fertilizer application in recent ten years.The results show that trace elements can promote the growth physiology and nutritional quality of crops.The application of trace elements can effectively improve crop yield,biomass,stem diameter and plant height,increase chlorophyll content,photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity,and also increase the amount of protein,soluble sugar,starch,vitamins and other nutrients in crops.The demand of plants for trace elements and the amount and concentration of micro fertilizer should be controlled.The main application methods included soil base application,seed soaking and dressing and foliar spraying.It can also be applied in combination with a large number of elements and organic fertilizer,so as to increase production and income and improve crop quality.Expounded and summarized on the basis of previous studies,were advantageous to apply trace elements correctlyand reasonably in the future,and the scope of crops applying trace elements should be expanded.The research results provided reference for micro fertilizer to be better used in crop planting and production,and improved grain yield and quality.

关 键 词：微量元素 生长发育 施用技术 营养品质 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学]