工程经验、方言语用与环境体验:《园冶》诠释考辨三则  

Engineering Practice,Dialect Application and Environmental Experience:Three Verification on the Interpretation of Yuan Ye

作　　者：刘亚伟 吴国源[1] LIU Yawei;WU Guoyuan(School of Architecture,Xi’an Universi)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2022年第7期132-138,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(编号19AZD030)。

摘　　要：学界对《园冶》“让一步可以立根,斫数桠不妨封顶”“罅堪窥管中之豹,路类张孩戏之猫”“林阴初出莺歌,山曲忽闻樵唱”3句的诠释,存在争议或误读。基于《园冶》的营造文本性质,通过综合考证分析,认为第一句的“立根”和“封顶”分别指建筑、假山等人工物的基础与顶部的施工流程;第二句的“张”是具特定意义的“看”,以传递假山道路带来的视觉效果和空间感受;第三句的“林阴”不可译为“林荫”,“阴”应理解为“昏暗”以契合文本逻辑中的视、听体验转折。三句分别呈现特定的工程经验、吴语方言语用特征和敏感的环境体验。研究表明,要深入把握《园冶》的设计思想价值,需将严谨有效的文本语义分析工作与古典建筑思维及工程经验意识自觉结合。In the academic circle of landscape architecture,there still exist disputes or misunderstandings as to the interpretation of the following three sentences in Yuan Ye:“When laying foundation for a building,if the construction of the foundation is interfered by an old tree nearby,the construction materials concerned need to be set back so as not to damage the roots of the old tree,and superfluous branches of the old tree need to be cut down as appropriate so as not to hinder the capping of the building”;“One can see part of the landscape in a garden simply through a gap in a rockery therein,with rockery roads being full of twists and turns,and ups and downs bringing the sight effect like children playing hide and seek”;“In summer when birds begin to sing in the dark woods,the singing of a woodcutter suddenly comes from a faraway winding mountain path”.Based on the architectural textuality of Yuan Ye,this research,through comprehensive verification and analysis,considers that“Li Gen”(“foundation laying”)and“Feng Ding”(“capping”)in the first sentence respectively refer to the construction process of the foundation and top of a building,rockery or any other similar artifact;“Zhang”(“looking like”)in the second sentence has a specific meaning of“looking”,which is used to convey the visual effect and spatial experience of rockery roads;“Lin Yin”(“dark woods”)in the third sentence cannot be translated into“shadeway”,as“Yin”should be understood as“darkness”to fit the transition of visual and auditory experience in line with the logic embodied in the text.The three sentences respectively represent specific engineering practice,pragmatic features of Wu dialect and sensitive environmental experience.This research shows that in order to really master the value of the design philosophy reflected in Yuan Ye,it is necessary to consciously combine strict and effective semantic analysis of text with classical architectural thinking and engineering practice awareness.

关 键 词：《园冶》 语义分析 建筑思维 工程经验 借景 

分 类 号：TU986.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]