东海岱衢族大黄鱼资源变动的原因探析及重建策略  

Cause analysis of resources change and reconstruction strategy of Larimichthys crocea Daiqu group in the East China Sea

作　　者：俞存根 严小军 蒋巧丽 臧迎亮 YU Cungen;YAN Xiaojun;JIANG Qiaoli;ZHANG Yingliang(College of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第4期616-625,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重大科技攻关项目(2020C02004);国家自然科学基金(31270527)。

摘　　要：东海岱衢族大黄鱼历史上曾是我国近海特有的最重要底层经济鱼类之一,但现在是我国着力恢复与重建的重要对象。为阐明大黄鱼资源变动及其衰退的影响因素,揭示大黄鱼对栖息地的选择性及其资源难以恢复的原因,本研究以1950—2020年浙江省大黄鱼捕捞产量为样本,运用指标分析法,分析岱衢族大黄鱼资源种群数量变动与敲罟作业、围捕“中央渔场”越冬群体等渔业重大事件的相关性,追踪导致大黄鱼资源衰退的原因;通过文献综合分析法,阐述了大黄鱼生物学特性及其演变和对栖息地的适应性表现。结果显示:①大黄鱼资源衰退乃至枯竭的主要原因是敲罟作业、拦捕进港鱼和捕捞越冬场等不合理开发利用方式引起;②大黄鱼具有寿命长、性成熟晚、种群结构复杂等特点,同时还有较强的栖息地环境选择性,其中温度、盐度、流速、底质、饵料生物是关键环境要素;③由于过度捕捞,大黄鱼的生活史型虽然也偏离了原来的选择位置,但仍然属于K选择对策者。研究表明,大黄鱼资源难以恢复的主要因素除了人为因素(如捕捞强度过大)影响外,可能还与大黄鱼偏K选择的生活史型与栖息地的选择性有关。本研究从生物学特性及栖息地的环境选择性角度提出了大黄鱼今后的保护与增殖策略,为恢复与重建东海岱衢族大黄鱼资源提供了决策依据。The Larimichthys crocea Daiqu group in the East China Sea was once one of the most commercially important demersal fishes unique to China’s coastal waters.It is now an important target for our country to restore and rebuild the resources of L.crocea.In order to clarify the influencing factors of the decline of its resources,and reveal the selectivity of its habitat and the reasons why the resources of the L.crocea are difficult to recover,this paper took the L.crocea fishing output in Zhejiang Province from 1950 to 2020 as a sample,and analyzed the correlation between the population number changes of the L.crocea Daiqu group and major fishery events,such as knocking operation and rounding up the overwintering group in the central fishing ground,by using index analysis method,which aims to trace the causes of the decline of large yellow croaker resources;The biological characteristics and evolution of L.crocea and its adaptability to habitat were described by comprehensive literature analysis.The results showed that:(1)the main causes of the decline and depletion of L.crocea resources were caused by several unreasonable development and utilization methods,such as knocking operation,catching the incoming fishes and overfishing the wintering grounds;(2)L.crocea has the characteristics of long life span,late sexual maturity,complex population structure,and strong habitat environmental selectivity,among which temperature,salinity,flow rate,substrate and feed organisms are the key environmental factors;(3)Due to overfishing,the life history of L.crocea deviated from the original selection position,but it still belonged to K selection game.(4)In addition to human factors(such as excessive fishing intensity),the main factors affecting the recovery of L.crocea resources may also be related to the k-biased life history and habitat selection of large yellow croaker.What’s more,this study also put forward the future protection and proliferation strategies of L.crocea from the perspective of biological characteristics and

关 键 词：大黄鱼 资源变动 生物学特性及其演变 栖息地选择 保护与增殖策略 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]