牧草混播方式对茶园杂草发生的影响  

Effects of Forage Mixed Sowing Pattern on Weed Occurrence in Tea Plantation

作　　者：龚正发 杨学东 张双翔 赵陈 GONG Zhengfa;YANG Xuedong;ZHANG Shuangxiang;ZHAO Chen(Guizhou Experimental and Extension Station of Grass Technology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Nayong Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nayong,Guizhou 553300,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省草地技术试验推广站,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省纳雍县农业农村局,贵州纳雍553300

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第7期67-72,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“贵州黄牛标准化放牧关键技术研究与示范”[黔科合支撑(2021)143]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明黑麦草与紫云英不同比例混播方式下茶园杂草发生及群落结构的变化,为以草抑草生物控草技术在生产上的应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计方法,研究单播黑麦草(T_(1))、单播紫云英(T_(2))、黑麦草与紫云英3∶7混播(T_(3))、黑麦草与紫云英1∶1混播(T_(4))、黑麦草与紫云英1∶2混合后条播(T_(5))和黑麦草与紫云英1∶1混合后条播(T_(6))对茶园杂草发生的影响。【结果】不同处理土壤杂草种子的平均密度为968.52~1438.69粒/m^(2),共发生9种杂草,分属禾本科(3种)、蓼科(2种)、菊科(2种)、苋科(1种)和石竹科(1种);不同处理土壤杂草均一度、密度和频率存在差异,均一度,各处理禾本科的千金子、看麦娘和稗草分别为14.88%~73.66%、24.78%~68.33%和25.67%~51.74%,均以T_(1)最大;蓼科的酸模和辣蓼分别为5.75%~15.65%和14.62%~21.54%,均以T_(1)最大;菊科的小飞蓬和辣子草分别为11.64%~24.42%和14.33%~23.87%,分别以T_(1)和T_(2)最大;苋科的空心莲子为11.87%~21.75%,以T_(2)最大;石竹科的牛繁缕为4.75%~17.63%,以T_(1)最大。密度,各处理禾本科的千金子、看麦娘和稗草分别为0.84~8.62株/m^(2)、1.08~7.29株/m^(2)和1.13~3.94株/m^(2),均以T_(1)最大;蓼科的酸模和辣蓼分别为0.45~2.23株/m^(2)和1.22~3.39株/m^(2),均以T_(1)最大;菊科的小飞蓬和辣子草分别为0.64~4.56株/m^(2)和1.22~3.52株/m^(2),分别以T_(1)和T_(2)最大;苋科的空心莲子为0.64~2.40株/m^(2),以T_(2)最大;石竹科的牛繁缕为0.34~1.37株/m^(2),以T_(6)最大。频率,各处理禾本科的千金子、看麦娘和稗草分别为56.34%~100.00%、35.74%~100.00%和27.02%~94.53%,分别以T_(1)和T_(2)最大;蓼科的酸模和辣蓼分别为10.76%~53.44%和29.29%~81.45%,均以T_(1)最大;菊科的小飞蓬和辣子草分别为15.37%~100.00%和29.28%~84.51%,分别以T_(1)和T_(2)最大;苋科的空心莲子为29.29%~57.69%,以T_(2)最大;石竹科的牛繁缕为29.31%~【Objective】The variations in weed occurrence and community structure in tea plantation under the pattern of ryegrass mixed Astragalus sinicus with different ratios are explored to provide the scientific basis for the application of biological controlling weed technology of weed inhibited weed in production.【Method】The random block experiment design method is employed to study the effects of ryegrass mixed A.sinicus with different ratios on weed occurrence in tea plantation,including mono-ryegrass(T_(1)),mono-A.sinicus(T_(2)),3∶7 of ryegrass mixed A.sinicus(T_(3)),1∶1 of ryegrass mixed A.sinicus(T_(4)),drill sowing after 1∶2 of ryegrass mixed A.sinicus(T_(5))and drill sowing after 1∶1 of ryegrass mixed A.sinicus(T_(6)).【Result】The average density of weed seed under different treatments is 968.52~1438.69 grain/m^(2).A total of nine weed is observed belonging to Poaceae(3 species),Polygonaceae(2 species),Asteraceae(2 species),Amaranthaceae(1 species)and Carophyllaceae(1 species).There are differences in evenness,density and frequency of weed under different treatments.As for evenness,Leptochloa chinensis,Alopecurus aequalis and Echinochloa crusgalli in Poaceae of different treatments are 14.88%~73.66%,24.78%~68.33%and 25.67%~51.74%respectively,and T_(1) is the highest;The evenness of Polygonum lapathifolium and P.hydropiper in Polygonaceae are 5.75%~15.65%and 14.62%~21.54%,and T_(1) is the highest;The evenness of Conyza canadensis and Galinsoga parviflora in Asteraceae are 11.64%~24.42%and 14.33%~23.87%,and T_(1) and T_(2) are the highest;The evenness of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Amaranthaceae is 11.87%~21.75%,and T_(2) is the highest;The evenness of Malachium aquaticum in Carophyllaceae is 4.75%~17.63%,and T_(1) is the highest.As for density,L.chinensis,A.aequalis and E.crusgalli in Poaceae of different treatments are 0.84~8.62 plant/m^(2),1.08~7.29 plant/m^(2) and 1.13~3.94 plant/m^(2) respectively,and T_(1) is the highest;The density of P.lapathifolium and P.hydropiper in Polygonaceae are

关 键 词：牧草 黑麦草 紫云英 混播 杂草 种类 

分 类 号：S571.105.3[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]