国土空间规划重构紧凑城市:乡乡差别与空间公平  

COMPACT CITY RESTRUCTURED BY TERRITORIAL PLANNING:DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN VILLAGES AND SPATIAL JUSTICE

作　　者：朱介鸣[1] 郭旭 郭炎[3] ZHU Jieming;GUO Xu;GUO Yan

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]浙大城市学院国土空间规划学院 [3]武汉大学城市设计学院/湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《城市规划》2022年第6期48-56,共9页City Planning Review

摘　　要：共同富裕是新世纪我国高质量发展的重要命题。本文探究我国品质导向的空间重构中的空间公平,以助力社会公平发展。在我国沿海快速城市化地区,自治村庄的非农经济发展造成了破碎、低效的土地开发。通过规划干预,实现集约紧凑的城乡空间格局已成共识。然而,从破碎到集中的空间重构,很大程度上取决于村庄土地权益重置的公正性。本文揭示:市场驱动的村庄自主土地开发造成了市场与公平的偏离,展现为村庄之间土地发展权益配置的差别。国土空间紧凑发展的规划蓝图不可避免地加剧了差别,形成了规划与公平的偏离。市场与规划的双重偏离制约着品质化的空间重构,须配以公平的土地权益调节机制:空间重构的治理需从自治村庄上升到区县尺度;国土空间规划应在区域尺度建立公平的初始土地发展权配置与调节制度,使村民变居民前享有均等的发展权益。Common prosperity is an important theme for the high-quality development of China in the 21^(st) century.This paper explores spatial justice in the quality-oriented spatial restructuring,with the aim to facilitate the development based on social equality.In China’s rapidly urbanizing coastal regions,the autonomous village-based non-agricultural development has led to fragmented and low-efficient land development.Establishing a compact urban-rural spatial structure through planning intervention has been commonly accepted throughout China.However,spatial restructuring from fragmentation to concentration is concurrent with the redistribution of land rent entitlement among villages,and the(in)justice of distribution will finally affect the outcomes of spatial restructuring.It has been found that the market-driven and spontaneous land development by villages has led to market deviation from social equality which is shown as the village(urbanizing)-village(agricultural)difference in land rent entitlement.The blue print of compact development in the territorial planning inevitably exacerbates the village-village difference,forming planning deviation from social equality.The planning deviation together with market deviation impedes the implementation of compact city planning which is supposed to be supported by an adaptive mechanism of equally reallocating land rent entitlement:the level of governance over spatial restructuring should be scaled up from autonomous villages to the level of county/urban district;equal initial land rent entitlement among villages supported by a useful transaction institution at the district level is necessary for the planning implementation,which can entitle the villagers who will be integrated into the urban settlements to equal development rights and enhance their voluntary participation in the spatial restructuring.

关 键 词：空间正义 土地发展权 空间重构 紧凑城市 国土空间规划 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]