面向材料的超精密金刚石切削加工机理  

Mechanisms of material-oriented ultraprecision diamond cutting

作　　者：张俊杰[1] 张建国 闫永达[1] 孙涛[1] ZHANG JunJie;ZHANG JianGuo;YAN YongDa;SUN Tao(School of Mechatronics Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2022年第6期854-870,共17页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51405106,51761135106);国防基础科研核科学挑战专题(编号:TZ2018006-0201-02,TZ2018006-0205-02)资助项目。

摘　　要：采用超精密单点金刚石切削加工技术制备超光滑表面在国防尖端和航空航天等领域具有重要应用.当前缺乏对超精密加工机理的理解,极大地制约着超精密加工技术的提高.金刚石切削加工是一个刀具与材料高度耦合的过程,工件材料的性能对加工结果具有重要影响.本文研究了具有不同属性和微结构的典型材料超光滑表面的金刚石切削加工机理:(1)研究了多晶金属铜金刚石切削加工中的非均质特性,重点关注了晶界对表面创成的影响机制及其抑制策略;(2)研究了单晶硅和单晶碳化硅金刚石切削加工中的脆塑转变机理,重点关注了超声椭圆振动辅助切削加工技术对硬脆材料延性加工性能的提升;(3)研究了反应烧结碳化硅和铝基碳化硅金刚石切削加工中的各相材料协同加工变形机制,重点关注了振动辅助和切削路径对复合材料表面创成的影响规律.本文的研究成果为不同材料超光滑表面的超精密金刚石切削加工创成提供了理论依据.The fabrication of ultrasmooth surfaces by ultraprecision single-point diamond cutting has important applications in the cutting-edge fields of defense and aerospace.The promotion of the machining capability of diamond cutting has been severely impeded by the lack of a fundamental understanding of the underlying machining mechanisms.While diamond cutting is a highly coupled process between the cutting tool and the workpiece material,the workpiece material properties have a substantial impact on the machining process.This paper presents the mechanisms of diamond cutting of typical materials with different properties and microstructures.First,the heterogeneous machining mechanisms in the diamond cutting of polycrystalline copper are studied,with an emphasis on the effect of grain boundaries on the surface formation and the suppression strategy of the grain boundary surface step.Second,the brittle-to-ductile transition mechanisms in the diamond cutting of single-crystal silicon and single-crystal silicon carbide are investigated,with an emphasis on the improvement of the machinability of hard,brittle materials by employing the ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted cutting technology.Third,the cooperative deformation mechanisms of individual phases in the diamond cutting of reaction-bonded silicon carbide and silicon carbide reinforced-aluminum metal matrix composite are studied,with an emphasis on the influence of vibration assistance and cutting path on the surface formation.The findings reported herein provide a theoretical basis for the fabrication of the ultrasmooth surfaces of different materials using the ultraprecision diamond cutting technique.

关 键 词：超精密加工 金刚石切削 加工机理 超光滑表面 脆塑转变 

分 类 号：TQ163[化学工程—高温制品工业]