场地周边人群环境暴露参数调查研究——以山西某焦化厂为例  

Human exposure factors surrounding an environmental site:An example of a coking plant in Shanxi Province,China

作　　者：鲍梦莹 段链[2] 王琼[2] 彭星宇 唐颖 张蕾[3,4] 陈文菲 谭海萍 谷红梅 郭庶[4] BAO Meng-ying;DUAN Lian;WANG Qiong;PENG Xing-yu;TANG Ying;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Wen-fei;TAN Hai-ping;GU Hong-mei;GUO Shu(School of Public Health,Mudanjiang Medical College,Mudanjiang,157011,China;Institute of Environment and Health Related Product Safety,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention;China Medical University;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment/National Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment for Environmental Protection)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江医学院公共卫生学院,牡丹江157011 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所 [3]中国医科大学 [4]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2022年第5期351-357,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1803401;2020YFC1806303)。

摘　　要：目的以山西某焦化厂为例,开展场地周边人群的身体特征参数、摄入量参数以及时间-活动模式参数调查,为开展区域性的环境健康风险评估提供数据支持。方法2021年4—5月,在山西省某焦化厂周边5 km范围内,通过摇号随机抽取1所小学及中学,按照分层整群抽样的方法抽取各年级2~3个班级的学生家属(家庭住址在场地周边5 km范围内且是半年以上常住人口)作为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法获得暴露参数,并与国内外相关暴露参数值进行差异性比较。结果实际调查892名,其中男性445人,女性447人。调查区成年男女平均体重分别为(70.1±9.3)和(60.5±8.8)kg,平均皮肤表面积分别为(1.78±0.12)和(1.59±0.12)m^(2),平均长期呼吸量分别为17.6和14.3 m^(2)/d,成年男性工作日和休息日室外平均活动时间为225和210 min/d,成年女性工作日和休息日室外平均活动时间为165和180 min/d。成年男性平均体重、皮肤表面积、长期呼吸量、室外活动时间均高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查区不同年龄组人群体重(F=248.98)、长期呼吸量(χ^(2)=176.06)、饮水量(χ^(2)=7.35)、室内活动时间(χ^(2)=36.30)、室外活动时间(χ^(2)=36.30)、洗澡时间(χ^(2)=31.16),以及土壤—尘接触时间(χ^(2)=12.37)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查区成人身体特征参数高于我国平均水平,摄入量参数低于我国平均水平,调查区成人时间—活动模式如室内外活动时间、洗澡时间、游泳时间等均与国内外参数数据存在差异。结论本次调查获得了代表实际场地周边人群的暴露参数,为今后该场地周边地区人群健康风险评估提供数据支持。Objective To conduct an exposure factor investigation related to the physical characteristics,intake,and time-activity patterns of the population around a site,with a coking plant in Shanxi province,China as an example,and to provide data support for regional environmental health risk assessment.Methods The investigation was conducted from April to May 2021.A primary school and a middle school were randomly selected by lottery within 5 km around the coking plant.Based on stratified cluster sampling,two or three classes each were selected from all grades of the schools,and the selected students’family members(usually resident within 5 km around the coking plant for more than half a year)were surveyed by questionnaires to obtain the exposure factors.The results were compared with the national and international recommended values of relevant exposure factors.Results A total of 892 participants were investigated,including 445 males and 447 females.The mean body weights of male and female adults were 70.1±9.3 and 60.5±8.8 kg,respectively.The mean skin surface areas were 1.78±0.12 and 1.59±0.12 m^(2),respectively.The mean long-term inhalation rates were 17.6 and 14.3 m~3/d,respectively.The mean outdoor activity time on working days and rest days was 225 and 210 min/d for adult men,respectively,and 165 and 180 min/d for adult women,respectively.Adult men had significantly higher values of mean body weight,skin surface area,long-term respiratory capacity and outdoor activity time than adult women(all P<0.05).The mean body weight(F=248.98),mean long-term inhalation rates(χ^(2)=176.06),drinking water quantity(χ^(2)=7.35),indoor activity time(χ^(2)=36.30),outdoor activity time(χ^(2)=36.30),bathing time(χ^(2)=31.16),and soil-dust contact time(χ^(2)=12.37)between different age groups had a significant difference(P<0.05).The adult population in the surveyed area showed higher values of physical characteristic factors and lower values of intake factors than the national average levels.The results of adults’time-ac

关 键 词：暴露参数 环境健康风险评估 调查 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]