2020年秋季南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡南极磷虾集群时空分布  

Temporal and spatial distribution of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)swarms in the Bransfield Strait,Antarctic in autumn 2020

作　　者：董思宋 孔群群 朱国平[1,2,3,4] DONG Sisong;KONG Qunqun;ZHU Guoping(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Polar Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Marine Ecosystem Laboratory,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学极地研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室极地海洋生态系统研究室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海210306

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第3期337-348,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406801);国家自然科学基金(41776185)。

摘　　要：南极磷虾是南极海洋生态系统中的关键物种,具有重要的商业开发潜力,但其集群的类型与分布存在较大时空异质性,这增加了南极磷虾资源评估的难度,也对南极磷虾渔业的海上作业与企业生产安排带来了较大的挑战。为了探究布兰斯菲尔德海峡渔场内南极磷虾的集群分布和结构特征,提高渔船作业效率,基于渔船采集的声学数据,分析其时空分布特征,昼夜差异和集群结构。结果发现,2020年秋季南极磷虾集群主要出现在布兰斯菲尔德海峡南侧的陆架水域,秋季集群数量随时间推移呈上升趋势,带状集群和散点状集群数量最多,大部分集群出现在0~150 m深的水层,但贴近海底的水层也存在部分南极磷虾集群。南极磷虾集群昼夜分布存在显著差异,总体呈现昼浮夜沉的反向昼夜垂直移动特征。白天以带状高密度集群为主,夜间则以低密度散点状集群为主。集群内资源量和集群长度呈正相关。研究表明,布兰斯菲尔德海峡内白天的带状集群适合渔船捕捞。研究南极磷虾集群的分布特征有利于了解南极磷虾渔场形成特点,并提高渔船生产效率。Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)is a key species in the Antarctic marine ecosystem with important potential for commercial exploitation,however,significant heterogeneity in type and distribution of krill swarms increases the difficulty of biomass estimation and also brings the challenges for at-sea operation and working plan to fishing company.Therefore,using acoustic data collected from fishing vessels,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,diel differences,and swarm structures of Antarctic krill swarms in the fishing grounds of the Bransfield Strait were analysed with the aim of improving fishing efficiency.The results indicated that,in the Bransfield Strait,krill swarms were primarily located in the southern shelf waters in autumn 2020,and that the number of krill swarms increased over time in autumn.Most krill swarms can be found in water layers between the surface and the depth of 150 meters,but some swarms also occur close to the bottom.The diel distribution of krill swarms varied,with a general tendency of reversed diel vertical migration that moves up to the surface in the daytime but sinks to the deeper layer at night.The layered type of swarm with a high density is dominant in the daytime,while scattered type of swarm with low density occupies a high proportion at night.The density within swarms is correlated positively with swarm length.In general,the daytime layered type of swarms within the Bransfield Strait are suitable for fishing vessels.Understanding krill swarm distribution is beneficial to understanding their formation characteristics of krill fishing ground as well as enhancing the productivity of fishing vessels.

关 键 词：南极磷虾 集群分布 昼夜垂直移动 渔业声学 布兰斯菲尔德海峡 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]