南极磷虾桁杆拖网网型结构与作业性能之间的关系  

Effect analysis of gear structure and sinker on the performance of Antarctic krill beam trawl

作　　者：冯超 李灵智[2] 张港琛 刘健[2] 杨嘉樑[2] 饶欣[2] 黄洪亮[2] FENG Chao;LI Lingzhi;ZHANG Gangchen;LIU Jian;YANG Jialiang;RAO Xin;HUANG Hongliang(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第3期494-504,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2019JZZY010819);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406803);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2021TD03)。

摘　　要：桁杆拖网是南极磷虾连续泵吸桁杆拖网捕捞系统重要组成部分之一,为深入了解该系统中桁杆拖网的作业性能特征,促进网具作业性能优化,本研究通过模型试验开展了网型结构和沉子重量对网具作业性能影响的探索,网型结构包括6种(3种腹网宽度,每种宽度采用2种缝合方式),分别以A、B、C、AA、BB和CC表示,沉子重量3种。综合比较表明,不同试验网型作业性能优劣排序为BB>CC>C>A>B>AA,但差异不显著。缩小腹网宽度和斜目缝合均能有效提高网口垂直扩张、降低能耗系数,提高网具作业性能,尤其适用于较高拖速的作业场景。沉子重量与网具阻力、网口垂直扩张均呈显著正相关,但与能耗系数相关性不明显;为促进网口垂直扩张,合适的沉子重量配备随拖速增加而递增,拖速1.5 m/s的条件下,各试验网型其沉子配重应不低于3.05 t。试验条件下,各网型的网具阻力、能耗系数变化趋势较平稳,递变斜率变化较小,网具阻力与拖速呈幂函数关系,指数介于1.49~1.64。以上结论可为南极磷虾桁杆拖网属具配备以及优化设计提供参考。Beam trawl is an important part of Antarctic krll(Euphausia superba)continuous fishing system.In order to further understanding the gear performance under different conditions,a series of model test were designed to study the effect of gear structure and sinker on gear performance.The gear structures include 3 kinds of belly width and 2 types of knitting for each belly width,represented by A,B,C,AA,BB and CC respectively.Modified Tauti’s law was used to designed beam trawl models.The full scale was 20,mesh size or twine diameter scale was 10.Based on the energy efficiency coefficient,vertical opening and resistance,the performance of different gear structure were compared.The result showed that:the performance of different gear structure was in the order of BB>CC>C>A>B>AA,but the difference was not obvious(P>0.05).Less total line area of net can effectively improve the vertical opening of the beam trawl and reduce the energy efficiency coefficient,especially under the high trawling speed.Sinker weight was significantly correlate with gear resistance and vertical opening,and not significantly correlate with energy efficiency coefficient.In order to keep good performance in vertical opening of test nets,heavier sinker were needed under higher trawling speed.According to the model test,sinker weight should not be less than 3.05 t at the trawling speed of 1.5 m/s for test nets;a power function was observed between net resistance and trawling speed,and the index ranged from 1.49 to 1.64.These conclusions can be used as reference for the performance optimization of E.superba beam trawl and promote the development of E.superba fishery.

关 键 词：南极磷虾 桁杆拖网 作业性能 网型结构 沉子重量 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]