喷灌施氮对马铃薯氮素积累及土壤硝态氮影响  

Effects of nitrogen treatments on potato nitrogen accumulation and soil nitrate-nitrogen distribution under sprinkler fertigation system

作　　者：裴沙沙 黎耀军[1] 严海军[1] 顾涛[3] PEI Shasha;LI Yaojun;YAN Haijun;GU Tao(College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Hebei Institute of Water Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China;China Irrigation and Drainage Development Center, Beijing 100054, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]河北省水利科学研究院,河北石家庄050051 [3]中国灌溉排水发展中心,北京100054

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2022年第7期745-750,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400109,2017YFD0201502)。

摘　　要：喷灌水肥一体化是提高中国东北半湿润区作物养分利用效率的重要措施.为探索圆形喷灌机水肥一体化条件下,施氮肥对马铃薯产量、氮素积累以及土壤硝态氮分布的影响,试验设置3个施氮量水平:115,165,215 kg/hm^(2)(分别以F1,F2,F3表示);3个施氮频次:2,4,6次(分别以C2,C4,C6表示);选择传统沟施追肥作为对照区.结果表明:处理F2C6的马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率均最高;相同施氮量条件下,马铃薯块茎氮素积累量随施氮频次增加而增加;相同施氮频次下,随施氮量增加,块茎氮素积累量先增加后减少;马铃薯块茎膨大期在相同施氮量条件下,20~40 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量随施氮频次增加而减小.综合比较,建议黑龙江半湿润地区马铃薯种植采用中肥(165 kg/hm^(2))、高频次(追施氮肥6次)的喷灌水肥一体化方案.The integration of water and fertilizer for sprinkler irrigation is an important measure to improve the nutrient use efficiency of crops in the semi-humid region of Northeast China.In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on potato yield,nitrogen accumulation,and soil nitrate-nitrogen distribution under the condition of water and fertilizer integration of center pivot irrigation system.Three nitrogen topdressing levels were set in the experiment:115 kg/hm^(2)(F1),165 kg/hm^(2)(F2)and 215 kg/hm^(2)(F3),respectively,and three frequency of nitrogen topdressing,i.e.,C2,C4 and C6,representing 2,4 and 6 times of nitrogen topdressing were conducted.One treatment of traditional ditching fertilization was selected as the control area in the experiment.The results show that the tuber yield and commercial potato rate of F2C6 treatment are the highest.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen accumulation of potato tubers increases with the increase of nitrogen application frequency.For the same frequency of nitrogen application,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen accumulation of tubers increases first and then decreases.At the stage of potato tuber expansion,the content of soil nitrate-nitrogen in 20-40 cm soil layer decreases with the increase of nitrogen application frequency under the same nitrogen application amount.It is suggested that the potato planting in the semi-humid area of Heilongjiang Province should adopt the integrated scheme of sprinkler irrigation with medium fertilizer(165 kg/hm^(2))and high frequency(6 times of nitrogen topdressing).

关 键 词：圆形喷灌机 水肥一体化 马铃薯 产量 氮素积累 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]