法律解释观念的论证转向与方法转型  

Conception of Legal Interpretation: The Argumentative Turn and Methods Transformation

作　　者：焦宝乾 赵岩 JIAO Baoqian;ZHAO Yan(Law,School,Shangdong University,Weihai Weihai Shandong 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院(威海),山东威海264209

出　　处：《法学论坛》2022年第4期28-40,共13页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《新兴学科视野中的法律逻辑及其拓展研究》(18ZDA034)子课题“法律解释的认知模式研究”成果。

摘　　要：在不同法系、国家的研究中,与传统法律解释“方法”在相当意义上的用语,还有解释的“标准”“因素”“规准”“规则”“原则”等,但随着法律论证理论兴起后,新出现的“论证”一词开始更多被使用。用语上的变迁背后是人们对法律解释观念的深层次变化。这体现为从传统语义学上的法律解释观转向语用学的解释观、法律解释的正当性需要通过论证来完成,并且是在论证的框架内进行。在具体解释方法层面,同样出现了论证转型,并由此产生了解释性论证、论证(论辩)型式等新概念。这种转型给当今法律解释理论带来新的影响和变化。这种变化不仅涉及法律解释理论自身,还直接影响到人工智能与法律解释的前沿研究。随着这种转向,传统法律解释理论话语也发生了根本的改变,并具有重要司法实践意义。In different legal families and countries’ scholarship, there are terms in the same sense as traditional legal interpretation “methods”, as well as “standards”, “factors”, “canons”, “rules” and “principles” of interpretation, etc, but with the rise of the theory of legal argumentation, the new term “argument” began to be used more and more. The change in terminology is actually just an appearance, behind which is the deep change in people’s conception of legal interpretation. This is reflected in the transition from the traditional semantic view of legal interpretation to the pragmatic view of interpretation, and the legitimacy of legal interpretation needs to be completed through argumentation, and it is carried out within the framework of argumentation. At the level of specific interpretive methods, argument transformation has also occurred, and new concepts such as interpretive arguments and arguments(argumentation)patterns have emerged. This transformation brings new influences and changes to today’s legal interpretation theory. This change involves not only the theory of legal interpretation itself, but also directly affects the cutting-edge research on artificial intelligence and legal interpretation. With this turn, the traditional legal interpretation theory discourse has also undergone fundamental changes, and has important judicial practice significances.

关 键 词：法律解释 法律论证 解释规准 解释性论证 论证型式 法官思维 人工智能 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]