椰枣花粉离体萌发及花粉贮藏方法分析  

In vitro Pollen Germination and Pollen Storage Methods of Phoenix dactylifera L.

作　　者：符海泉[1] 张宁 王义 李东霞[1] Walid Badawy Abdelaala 徐中亮[1] Fu Haiquan;Zhang Ning;Wang Yi;Li Dongxia;Walid Badawy Abdelaala;Xu Zhongliang(Tropical Palm Germplasm Nursery,Ministry of Agriculture Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology,Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wenchang,571339;Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development of Agriculture Research Center,Giza,11435,Egypt)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,国家热带棕榈种质资源圃海南省热带油料作物生物学重点实验室,文昌571339 [2]埃及农业发展中心椰枣研究与产业发展中心实验室,吉萨11435,埃及

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第12期4085-4093,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业国际交流与合作项目(125163015000200006);农业农村部:物种品种资源保护费项目(125163015000160004)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究以椰枣雄株花粉为材料,采用L9(34)正交设计法筛选最佳观察椰枣花粉萌发时间和适宜椰枣花粉离体萌发培养基;研究椰枣花粉干燥时间、贮藏温度和贮藏时间对花粉萌发率的影响。结果表明,椰枣花粉萌发最佳观察时间段为2~4 h;处理1培养基50 g/L蔗糖+0.1 g/L硼酸+0.05 g/L氯化钙效果最佳,其中3因素对椰枣花粉萌发影响大小依次为硼酸、蔗糖、氯化钙;花粉在35℃中干燥8 h最适宜贮藏;当贮藏时间为10~50 d时,常温贮藏的花粉萌发率低甚至无萌发的现象,低于4℃条件下贮藏花粉萌发率均保持较高,无显著差异;当在4℃条件下,10、20、30 d花粉萌发率均无显著差异,当在-20℃,-80℃条件下,10、20、30、40 d花粉萌发率均无显著差异,花粉均保持较高的萌发率,在低温贮藏中随着贮藏时间的延长花粉萌发率逐渐下降。本研究可为椰枣花粉活力检测和贮藏提供技术支撑,同时为今后在椰枣引种推广中的花粉贮藏和人工授粉提供科学依据和实践意义。In this research,with male pollen of Phoenix dactylifera as materials,L;(3~4)orthogonal design method was used to select the best time for observing the germination and the suitable medium for the germination of pollen in vitro.Moreover,the effects of drying time,storage temperature and storage time on pollen germination were also studied.The results showed that the optimal observation time of pollen germination was between 2~4 h;Treatment 1 medium 50 g/L sucrose+0.1 g/L boric acid+0.05 g/L calcium chloride had the best effect,and the effect of three factors on date pollen germination were boric acid,sucrose and calcium chloride in order.The optimum storage condition for pollen was dried at 35℃for 8 h;When the storage time was 10~50 d,the pollen germination rate was low or even no at room temperature,but remained high below 4℃with no significant difference;At 4℃,there was no significant difference in pollen germination rate at 10,20 and 30 d,but the germination rate remained high;At-20℃and-80℃,there was no significant difference in pollen germination rate at 10,20,30and 40 d,but the germination rate remained high;In low temperature storage,pollen germination rate decreased gradually with the extension of storage time.The results can provide technical support for the study of pollen viability detection and storage,and also provide scienific basis and practical significance for pollen storage and artificial pollination in the introduction and promotion of Chinese date palm in the future.

关 键 词：椰枣花粉 离体培养 低温贮藏 萌发率 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]