收容教养制度废除后专门学校教育的继受与转型  

Inheritance and Transformation of Alternative School Education after the Abolishment of the Custody and Rehabilitation System

作　　者：马雷 吴啟铮 Ma Lei;Wu Qizheng

机构地区：[1]江苏警官学院法律系 [2]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2022年第2期129-139,共11页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“公众参与型社区矫正的理论与立法研究”(项目编号:2017BFX006)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近些年来,未达刑事责任年龄的未成年人恶性刑事案件被媒体曝光后,其处置结果引来社会的广泛热议,收容教养和专门教育两种未成年人刑罚替代措施发展状况相对滞后,在司法实践中不能够充分发挥应有之用。2020年修订的《预防未成年人犯罪法》在专门学校的入学程序、功能定位、机构设置、模式选择等方面作出了相应的法律规定。但是,通过对专门学校在实地办学中所存在问题的剖析,此次对专门学校教育制度的规定仍并不完善。专门学校教育应以国家亲权、教先于罚的理念为指引,制度层面设置以专门学校为主导的教育指导委员会,立法层面明确专门学校教师的惩戒权,实践层面采用多元化的教育模式以及“一校两区”的办学方式,从而最大限度地保护罪错未成年人的合法权利。In recent years,after vicious criminal cases of minors under the age of criminal responsibility have been exposed by the media,the results of their handling have attracted wide-ranging discussions in the society.The development of alternative penal measures for minors,including custody and education and specialized education,has been relatively lagging behind.In judicial practice,it cannot be used to its fullest extent.The“Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency”revised in 2020 has made corresponding legal provisions on the admission procedures,functional positioning,institutional settings,and model selection of Alternative school.However,through the analysis of the problems that Alternative school have in running schools in the field,the regulations on the education system of Alternative school are still not perfect.The education of Alternative school should be guided by the concept of parental power and education before punishment.At the system level,an education steering committee led by Alternative school should be set up.The disciplinary powers of teachers of Alternative school should be clarified at the legislative level.At the practical level,diversified educational models should be adopted.The“one school,two districts”approach to running schools maximizes the protection of the legal rights of criminal minors.

关 键 词：专门学校 教育指导委员会 少年警务 司法精准化 

分 类 号：D926.8[政治法律—法学] G765[文化科学—特殊教育学]