远距离结构的学习及其神经机制  

Learning of Nonadjacent Structures and the Neural Mechanisms

作　　者：姜珊[1,2] 郭秀艳 凌晓丽 郑丽[1] JIANG Shan;GUO Xiu-yan;LING Xiao-li;ZHENG Li(School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Government,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China;Fuda Institute On Ageing,Shanghai 200433,China;School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海政法学院政府管理学院,上海201701 [3]复旦大学老龄研究院,上海200433 [4]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358

出　　处：《应用心理学》2022年第4期352-368,共17页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究一般项目(C20080);上海政法学院青年科研基金项目(2020XQN20);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071051);军委后勤保障应用基础研究重大项目分课题(AWS17J012);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31800912)。

摘　　要：远距离结构是一种相邻元素之间没有顺序限制,多个元素在时间或空间上间隔一定距离的结构,该结构具备强大的生成能力,广泛存在于人类生活的诸多领域。近十几年来语言领域远距离结构的学习成为心理学和语言学的研究焦点,特别是更加接近自然状态下语言获得模式的内隐学习得到了广泛关注。本文在人工语法范式背景下,系统总结了远距离结构的种类,梳理了影响远距离结构学习的因素,并从神经层面探讨了Broca区在远距离结构加工中的作用,最后从跨领域迁移、加工过程以及内隐和外显学习之间的关系展望了未来的研究方向。Nonadjacent structure refers to a structure in which there is no restriction on sequence between adjacent elements and multiple elements are spaced at certain distances in time or space.This structure has strong generative ability and widely exists in many fields of human life.Over the past decade,learning of nonadjacent structure in language appears to be of focal interest in the field of psycholinguistics,especially the implicit learning of language acquisition in a nearly natural state.In this review,based on the artificial grammar learning paradigm,we sorted out different types of nonadjacent structures and the factors that affect nonadjacent structure learning,as well as exploring the role of Broca’s area in nonadjacent structure processing.In addition,we prospect possible future research on nonadjacent structure from the perspectives of cross-domain transfer,dynamic processing,and the relationship between implicit and explicit learning.

关 键 词：远距离结构 人工语法 内隐学习 BROCA区 

分 类 号：A[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]