语序对彝语纳苏话与汉语被动句结构的影响  

Influence of Word Order on Passive Sentence Structure in Nasu Dialect of Yi Language and Chinese

作　　者：陈秭妙 CHEN Zi-miao(School of Ethnic Culture,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南民族大学民族文化学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《红河学院学报》2022年第4期28-31,共4页Journal of Honghe University

摘　　要：彝语纳苏话与汉语同为分析性语言,在以描写受事性状和结果为认知基础的被动句中存在差异。SVO型语序是汉语被动标记词具有介词功能的主要因素,在句子结构中施事的降级和无标记被动句介宾结构的省略现象都是语序在发挥作用。纳苏话因藏缅语普遍的SOV型语序不能产生介词,在有标记的被动句中结构助词就成为区别施受关系的主要手段,进而导致施事所处的层级与汉语不同。语序是实词语法化的主要限制条件,语序类型的差异造成这两种语言形成不同类别的标记词,进而影响到被动句的句法结构。Nasu dialect of Yi language and Chinese are both analytical languages,and there are differences in passive sentences based on the description of patient traits and results.SVO type word order is the main factor that Chinese passive markers have the function of prepositions.The degradation of agent in sentence structure and the omission of prepositional object structure in unmarked passive sentences are all caused by word order.Nasu dialect cannot produce prepositions because of the common SOV word order in Tibetan and Burmese.The difference of word order types leads to the formation of different types of markers in the two languages,and then affects the syntactic structure of passive sentences.

关 键 词：彝语纳苏话 汉语 被动句 标记词 语序 

分 类 号：H217[语言文字—少数民族语言]