基于无人机航摄的坡形对浅沟发育的影响  

Effects of Slope Shapes on Ephemeral Gully Development Based on UAV

作　　者：王海于 庞国伟[1,2,3] 王春梅 王雷[1,2,3] 龙永清 WANG Haiyu;PANG Guowei;WANG Chunmei;WANG Lei;LONG Yongqing(School of Urban and Environment, Northwestern University, Xi’an 710127;Key Laboratory of Surface Systems and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwestern University, Xi’an 701027;Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention and Treatment in Dry Region, Xi’an 701027)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]西北大学陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安701027 [3]旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室,西安701027

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第4期85-91,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601290,41977062)。

摘　　要：为探究坡形对浅沟发育的影响,以陕西省靖边县狼儿子沟无人机航摄影像为基础数据,通过目视解译得到浅沟(指瓦背状地形底部)225条,统计了浅沟条数、浅沟长度、沟头到分水岭的距离及浅沟密度等指标。利用浅沟地形分水线上的高程点进行插值得到原始坡面数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM),以此DEM提取地形曲率以表征坡形,进而分析坡形与浅沟指标的关系。结果表明:(1)以浅沟地形分水线上的高程点插值后的DEM对浅沟进行了综合,能较好地表达浅沟发育之前原始坡面的地形特征。(2)从单一坡形来看,横向凹形坡的浅沟密度最大,纵向凹形坡的浅沟沟头到分水岭的平均距离最大;纵向凸形坡的浅沟条数以及浅沟平均长度均最大;从组合坡形来看,双凸形坡和凸凹形坡上的浅沟平均长度与沟头到分水岭的平均距离均大于双凸形坡和凹凸形坡。双凹形坡的浅沟长度与双凸形坡和凸凹形坡的浅沟长度具有显著性差异(p<0.05);凹凸形坡的浅沟长度与双凸形坡和凸凹形坡的浅沟长度具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。凹凸形坡的浅沟沟头到分水岭的距离与凸凹形坡的浅沟沟头到分水岭的距离具有显著性差异(p<0.1)。(3)不同形态坡面浅沟发育的地形曲率分布特征具有明显差异。In order to explore the influence of slope shape on the development of ephemeral gully,225 ephemeral gullies were obtained by visual interpretation based on the photography of unmanned aerial vehicle in the Langerzigou in Jingbian County,Shaanxi Province.The number and length of ephemeral gullies,the distance from the gully head to the watershed and the gully density were calculated.The original slope DEM was obtained by interpolating the elevation points on the ephemeral gully watershed,and the DEM was used to extract the terrain curvature to describe the hillslope shape,and then analyze the relationship between the slope shape and the ephemeral gully index.The results showed that:(1)The DEM after the elevation point interpolation on the ephemeral gully watershed was used to synthesize the ephemeral gully,which could well describe the original slope topographic features before the development of ephemeral gully.(2)From the point of view of single slope shape,the gully density of the transverse concave slope was the highest,and the number of ephemeral gullies,the average distance from the gully head to the watershed of the longitudinal concave slope were the largest.The average length of the ephemeral gully and the number of the longitudinal convex slope were the largest.From the point of view of the combined slope shape,the average length of the ephemeral gully and the average distance from the gully head to the watershed on the biconvex slope and the concave slope were larger than those on the biconvex slope and the concave-convex slope.The ephemeral gully length of double concave slope was significantly different from that of double convex slope and convex-concave slope(p<0.05).The ephemeral gully length of concave-convex slope was significantly different from that of double convex slope and convex concave slope(p<0.05).There was a significant difference in the distance from the gully head to the watershed between the concave-convex slope and the convex-concave slope(p<0.1).(3)The terrain curvature distributio

关 键 词：浅沟 坡形 无人机 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] V27[农业科学—农业基础科学]