江鳕生化遗传学特性及群体遗传结构初步分析  

Preliminary analysis on biochemical genetic characteristics and population genetic structure of Lota lota

作　　者：张林[1] 甘金华[1] 何力[1] 张涛[1] 周剑光[1] ZHANG Lin;GAN Jinhua;HE li;ZHANG Tao;ZHOU Jianguang(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Freshwater Fish Germplasm Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2022年第3期45-50,共6页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-48);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2018JBF13)。

摘　　要：为了解江鳕(Lota lota)生化遗传特性及其遗传结构,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDHP)等4种同工酶在额尔齐斯河江鳕肌肉、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肾脏和眼睛6种组织的组织表达模式。结果表明:额尔齐斯河江鳕的4种同工酶在6种组织中的分布具有明显的组织特异性;其中LDH、MDH、ADH 3种酶共记录出2个基因位点,其中LDH1~LDH5、ADH1~ADH3、MDH1和MDH2为10个多态位点;多态位点的基因频率为0.125~0.875,多态位点比例为83.33%;等位基因数为22个,位点平均有效等位基因数为1.8333;平均期望杂合度为0.3109,平均观测杂合度为0.4234,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数为0.3619。杂合子处于过剩状态,表明额尔齐斯河江鳕尚未经历人工定向改良,其群体种质资源库仍有较大的变异程度,可为后续的人工育种提供良好的亲本。此外,肌肉中IDHP可作为江鳕特有的生化遗传学标记,为种质鉴定提供理论依据。To understand biochemical genetic characteristics and genetic structure of Lota Lota,the tissue expression pattern about four kinds of isozymes such as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH),isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDHP)in muscle,liver,heart,spleen,kidney and eye tissues of the Lota Lota from Eerqisi River were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology.The results showed that the distribution of 4 isozymes in 6 tissues of Lota lota from Eerqisi River presented significant tissue specificity.Total of 12 gene loci were recorded for LDH,MDH and ADH enzymes,among which LDH1-LDH5,ADH1-ADH3,MDH1 and MDH2 were 10 polymorphic loci.The gene frequency of polymorphic sites were in the ranges of 0.125~0.875,and the proportion of polymorphic sites was 83.33%.The number of alleles was 22,and the number of mean effective alleles was 1.8333.The mean expected heterozygosity and the average observed heterozygosity were 0.3109 and 0.4234,and the Hardy-Weinberg genetic deviation index was 0.3619.The overplus of heterozygotes indicated that Lota lota from Eerqisi River had not yet undergo manual directional improvement,and their population germplasm bank still had a large degree of variation,which could provide good parents for subsequent artificial breeding.In addition,IDHP in muscles could be used as a unique biochemical genetic marker of Lota lota to provide theoretical basis for germplasm identification.

关 键 词：江鳕 同工酶 生化遗传 遗传结构 等位基因 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]