重型天然气车实际道路排放特征与机理研究  

Real World Driving Emission Characteristics and Mechanism of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles

作　　者：赵琛 王军方[1,2] 付明亮 李刚[1,2] 蒋涵 丁焰[1,2] ZHAO Chen;WANG Junfang;FU Mingliang;LI Gang;JIANG Han;DING Yan(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Vehicle Emission Control Center,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院机动车排污监控中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第7期1573-1580,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.62033012);中国环境科学研究院中央财政科技计划结余经费(No.2021-JY-03)。

摘　　要：为掌握重型天然气车在实际道路行驶过程中的排放特性,使用便携式车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对2辆国Ⅴ重型天然气车(简称“国Ⅴ车辆”)和2辆国Ⅵ重型天然气车(简称“国Ⅵ车辆”)进行实际道路排放测试,分析了CO和NO_(x)的排放特征和不同工况下的排放因子.结果表明:(1)国Ⅴ车辆在3种代表性道路类型(市区路、市郊路、高速路)下CO和NO_(x)的高排放区主要分布在中低速区域的加速阶段,而国Ⅵ车辆CO和NO_(x)的高排放区在市区和市郊路上主要集中在速度大于30 km/h区间,在高速路两种污染物的高排放区分布较为零散.(2)根据MOVES模型划分机动车比功率区间(VSP Bin)后发现,国Ⅵ车辆在Bin 11~Bin 18区间,CO和NO_(x)排放速率基本稳定且处于较低水平;在Bin 21~Bin 28区间,CO和NO_(x)排放速率均随VSP的增加而逐渐升高.(3)国Ⅴ车辆综合工况下CO和NO_(x)排放因子分别为国Ⅵ车辆的1.1~3.9和3.3~8.2倍,其中,在市区路分别为3.0~25.0和11.3~30.2倍.(4)国Ⅴ车辆的NO_(2)/NO_(x)(浓度比,下同)远高于国Ⅵ车辆,且在高速路国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ车辆的NO_(2)/NO_(x)均最低.此外,对比不同研究的测试结果发现,本研究国Ⅵ车辆的CO和NO_(x)排放因子高于其他研究中国Ⅵ重型柴油车.研究显示,国Ⅵ车辆的CO和NO_(x)排放因子均低于国Ⅴ车辆,且在市区路下与国Ⅴ车辆差距更明显,因此,推广使用国Ⅵ天然气车,逐步淘汰采用稀薄燃烧技术的天然气车,能有效减少NO_(x)的排放.In order to investigate the emission characteristics of heavy-duty liquefied natural gas vehicle on real-world roads,real-world driving emission tests were performed on two ChinaⅤand two ChinaⅥheavy-duty vehicles using a portable emission measurement system(PEMS).The CO and NO_(x) emission characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the high emission areas of CO and NO_(x) for ChinaⅤvehicles on three types of roads(urban,rural,motorway)are mainly distributed under acceleration conditions of the low and medium speed.While high CO and NO_(x) emission areas under urban and rural conditions of ChinaⅥvehicles are mainly distributed in the range of speeds greater than 30 km/h,and high CO and NO_(x) emission areas under motorway conditions are discretely distributed.Notably,there are high NO_(x) emission areas under deceleration conditions with high speed.After dividing the vehicle specific power(VSP)bin according to the MOVES model,it is found that when driving condition bins in Bin11-18,CO and NO_(x)emission rates of ChinaⅥvehicles are stable and maintained at a low level.In Bin21-28,with the increase of VSP,CO and NO_(x)emission rates of ChinaⅥgradually increase.Comprehensive emission factors of CO and NO_(x)of China V vehicles are 1.1-3.9 and 3.3-8.2 times higher than those of ChinaⅥvehicles,respectively,and emission factors of CO and NO_(x) under urban conditions are 3.0-25.0 and 11.3-30.2 times higher than those of ChinaⅥvehicles.NO_(2)/NO_(x) ratios of ChinaⅤvehicles are much higher than those of ChinaⅥvehicles.But NO_(2)/NO_(x) ratios under motorway conditions are lower than those under other road type conditions.Compared with the results of other studies,it was found that the CO and NO_(x)emission factors of ChinaⅥheavy-duty vehicles were higher than those of ChinaⅥheavy-duty diesel vehicles.The study shows that CO and NO_(x)emission factors of ChinaⅥvehicles are lower than those of ChinaⅤvehicles,and the difference is more obvious in urban roads.

关 键 词：重型车 天然气 排放因子 机动车比功率 排放特征 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]