江苏典型稻虾及稻蟹共作系统中除草剂残留非靶向动态筛查及污染特征  

Dynamic Non-target Analysis and Occurrence of Herbicides Residues in Rice-crayfish and Rice-crab Co-culture Systems in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：刘崇万 朱晓华[1,2] 徐志华 任娣 孟勇 刘熠[2] 唐建清 LIU Chong-wan;ZHU Xiao-hua;XU Zhi-hua;REN Di;MENG Yong;LIU Yi;TANG Jian-qing(Fresh Water Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;Fishery Analysis&Testing Center of Jiangsu Province(Nanjing),Nanjing 210017,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省淡水水产研究所,江苏南京210017 [2]江苏省水产质量检测中心,江苏南京210017

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第7期933-943,共11页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900301);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2019393)。

摘　　要：为掌握江苏地区稻虾及稻蟹共作系统内除草剂残留情况,在2种系统内各选择3家典型养殖基地,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱联用技术(UPLC-Q-TOF MS),对整个养殖周期内虾、蟹和环境(稻田水体、底泥)样品除草剂残留进行动态非靶向筛查,同时,对检出频率高及检出浓度较高的除草剂进行定量分析,结合风险熵(RQ)和混合风险熵(MRQ)进行生态风险评估。结果表明,稻虾和稻蟹共作系统中分别检出12和11种除草剂,其中,灭草隆和氰草津在2种系统中均有检出。稻虾共作系统中主要残留除草剂为喹草酸〔在虾、稻田水和稻田底泥样品中检出频率均较高,最高检出值分别为(12.1±0.17)μg·kg^(-1)、(22.5±2.47)μg·L^(-1)和(21.6±1.91)μg·kg^(-1)〕、敌草隆〔在3种样品中检出频率均较高,最高检出值分别为(11.5±1.10)μg·kg^(-1)、(16.7±1.65)μg·L^(-1)和19.7±0.97μg·kg^(-1)〕、氰草津〔在3种样品中检出频率均较高,最高检出值分别为(11.2±0.36)μg·kg^(-1)、(22.5±3.01)μg·L^(-1)和(29.5±3.20)μg·kg^(-1)〕、绿麦隆〔仅在稻田底泥样品中检出频率较高,最高检出值为(20.1±2.99)μg·kg^(-1)〕和烟嘧磺隆〔仅在稻田底泥样品中检出频率较高,最高检出值为(15.8±1.05)μg·kg^(-1)〕。稻蟹共作系统中主要残留除草剂为双苯酰草胺〔仅在稻田底泥样品中检出频率较高,最高检出值为(20.2±2.05)μg·kg^(-1)〕、禾草丹〔在稻田水和稻田底泥样品中检出频率均较高,最高检出值分别为(11.2±1.01)μg·L^(-1)和(20.1±3.28)μg·kg^(-1)〕、苄嘧磺隆〔仅在稻田底泥样品中检出频率较高,最高检出值为(26.4±3.17)μg·kg^(-1)〕、灭草隆〔在稻田水和稻田底泥样品中检出频率均较高,最高检出值分别为(11.7±2.03)μg·L^(-1)和(20.1±2.64)μg·kg^(-1)〕、2,4-滴丁酯〔仅在稻田底泥样品中检出频率较高,最高检出值为(19.5±2.43)μg·kg^(-1)〕和莠去津�To evaluate the herbicides residues in rice-crayfish and rice-crab systems in Jiangsu Province,3 typical breeding bases were selected in these two systems.The dynamic non-target analysis was performed and the occurrence of herbicides residues was tested in biological samples(crayfish and crab)and the environmental samples(field water and field sediment)with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)during the culture cycle.Accurate screening and ecological risk assessment of 21 herbicides were conducted through a quantitative analysis with high detection frequency and exposure risk.The results show that 12 and 11 herbicides were detected in the rice-crayfish and rice-crab system,respectively with monuron and cyanazine both detected in the two systems.The main residual herbicides in the rice-crayfish system were quinmerac[the frequency deducted was all relatively high in the crayfish,field water and field sediment samples,with the highest value reached to(12.1±0.17)μg·kg^(-1),(22.5±2.47)μg·L^(-1) and(21.6±1.91)μg·kg^(-1),respectively],diuron[the highest value reached to(11.5±1.10)μg·kg^(-1),(16.7±1.65)μg·L^(-1) and(19.7±0.97)μg·kg^(-1),respectively],cyanazine[the highest values reached to(11.2±0.36)μg·kg^(-1),(22.5±3.01)μg·L^(-1) and(29.5±3.20)μg·kg^(-1),respectively],chlorotoluron[the frequency of detection was only relatively high in the field sediment samples and the highest value reached to(20.1±2.99)μg·kg^(-1)]and nicosulfur[the highest value reached to(15.8±1.05)μg·kg^(-1)].The main residual herbicides in the rice-crab system were benzeneacetamide[the frequency of detection was only relatively high in the field sediment samples and the highest value reached to(20.2±2.05)μg·kg^(-1)],thiobencarb[the frequency of detection were all relatively high in the field water and field sediment samples and the highest values reached to(11.2±1.01)μg·L^(-1) and(20.1±3.28)μg·kg^(-1),respectively],bensulfuron m

关 键 词：除草剂 非靶向筛查 高分辨质谱 污染特征 稻虾共作 稻蟹共作 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X828