英雄崇拜与重叠共识:美国媒体对中国英雄的建构研究(1972-2021)  

Hero Worship and Overlapping Consensus:An Analysis of American Media's Construction of Chinese Heroes(1972-2021)

作　　者：吴瑛[1] 史磊 阮光册[3] Wu Ying;Shi Lei;Ruan Guangce

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学新闻传播学院 [2]重庆大学新闻学院 [3]华东师范大学信息管理系

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2022年第6期91-108,128,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“重大突发事件舆论引导与提升中国国际话语权研究”(项目编号:20FXWA001)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：英雄是民族的,也是世界的。英雄形象是经话语传播和修辞建构的,美国媒体如何建构中国英雄,能否与中国形成“重叠共识”,不仅折射了美国对华认知,也关系到东西方话语体系和价值观的融通。论文分析了1972年中美“握手破冰”至今50年来美国媒体视野下的中国英雄形象,研究发现:在宏观层面,美国媒体建构的中国英雄群像立体多元,既体现出国际公共性内涵,也体现出美国复杂的主体性涵义;在文本层面,美国媒体通过同情认同、对立认同、误差认同的修辞策略来建构中国英雄;在价值层面,报道既体现了两国的“重叠共识”和价值多元,也受跨文化场域、国家意识形态等因素影响,而走向“共识虚无”。论文还分析了如何弥合中美分歧,通过构建融通中外的话语体系,实现文明互鉴、构建人类命运共同体。Hero is both national and universal,whose images are constructed through rhetoric and communicated through discourse. How the American society constructs Chinese heroes and whether the American society reaches an overlapping consensus with China not only reflect its cognition and recognition of China,but also serves as a connection of civilizations and values between the East and the West. This research analyzes Chinese heroes’ image from American media’s perspective during the 50 years since the Sino-U. S. “handshake”in 1972. Findings show that at the macro level,the image of Chinese heroes constructed by American media is multi-dimensional and has become a microcosm of China’s social development,which reflects not only international publicity,but also complicated American subjectivity. At the textual level,American media construct Chinese heroes through identification by sympathy,identification by antithesis, and identification by inaccuracy. At the level of value,American media’s reports reflect the“overlapping consensus”and reasonable diversified values between China and the United States. However, influenced by cross-cultural factors, ideology, ethnic differences,and identity politics,it’s likely to lead to consensus nihilism. Based on this analysis of American media’s value of heroism,this research explores these questions: How to bridge differences and reach common values between China and the United States? How to build a discourse system that integrates China and foreign countries that facilitates exchanges between civilizations? Most importantly,how to build a community of a shared future for mankind?

关 键 词：英雄崇拜 重叠共识 修辞策略 国际传播 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]