城市劳动力市场中的性别收入差距:基于教育失配的解释  

The Gender Wage Gap in the Urban Labor Market:An Explanation Based on Educational Mismatch

作　　者：李晓光[1] Li Xiaoguang(School of Humanities and Social Science,Xian Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,西安710049

出　　处：《教育研究》2022年第6期45-57,共13页Educational Research

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资助“高学历劳动者的教育匹配研究:发生机制、变迁趋势与群体差异”(项目编号:SK2021001)的研究成果。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国教育获得的性别不平等程度逐渐下降,但在劳动力市场中的性别收入差距不断扩大。面对这一悖论,聚焦教育和职业之间的匹配程度,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS2003—2017)数据,对教育失配如何影响两性之间的收入差距进行分析,结果表明,相比于同等教育程度的男性,女性更有可能发生教育失配,由此获得更低的收入水平。当男性和女性同时发生教育失配时,女性面临更小的收入惩罚,但这无法逆转女性因教育失配比例整体过高而造成的收入劣势。变迁趋势分解表明,随着时期进程,教育失配造成的收入惩罚正在扩大,而由于女性的教育失配发生比例持续高于男性,这成为两性之间收入差距不断扩大的重要原因。对此,加强女性从学校到职场的教育匹配,对于实现劳动力充分就业、女性公平就业和经济社会高质量发展具有重要政策启示。Since the reform and opening-up,China has witnessed increasingly shrinking gender inequality in education,but a gradually expanding gender wage gap in the labor market. Faced with this contradiction,the present study focuses on the match between education and occupations,and analyzes how educational mismatch affects the wage gap between men and women,based on the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data between 2003 and 2017. The findings show the following:Women were more likely to experience educational mismatch and thus obtain a lower wage than men with the same educational background;women suffered from lower wage penalties when both men and women experienced educational mismatch,but this failed to reverse women’s wage disadvantage caused by the overall disproportionately high rate of educational mismatch;according to trend decomposition,as time went by there were more and more wage penalties caused by educational mismatch,and this constituted an important reason for the widening wage gap between men and women since the incidence of educational mismatch was consistently higher for women than for men.In conclusion,we need to strengthen women’s educational match from the school to the workplace,which offers important policy implications for the full employment of the workforce,the fair employment of women,and high-quality economic and social development.

关 键 词：性别 教育失配 过度教育 收入不平等 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] G521[经济管理—国民经济]