为风险刑法理论辩护  

Defending the Theory of Risk Criminal Law

作　　者：叶良芳[1] Ye Liangfang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期149-160,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“总体国家安全观视域下网络犯罪治理对策研究”(20&ZD200)。

摘　　要：风险刑法理论虽然已为立法部门所认可,但在学界却受到广泛批评。究其原因,既在于批评者对于风险刑法理论的渊源——风险社会理论存在诸多误解,也与风险刑法理论的体系建构未臻成熟有关。风险社会理论的关键词是“风险”,这一概念与刑法中的“危险”具有同质性,故而决定了风险社会理论与刑法理论嫁接的可行性。风险刑法的基本范式是:刑法的干预点不是行为对法益的现实侵害(结果),而是对法益的可能侵害(危险)。这将导致刑法的规制功能和调控范围的双重扩张。为避免刑罚的负面效应,有必要预防风险刑法自身的“风险”,对行为的风险量度进行精准评价,从而决定应否犯罪化以及配置相当的刑量。风险刑法仅是对传统刑法的补充,而不是将其完全替代,二者共存一体将是现代刑法的共通现象。Though risk criminal law theory is recognized by the legislature, it is widely criticized in the academic circle. The reason lies not only in the critics’ misunderstanding of the theory of risk society, which is the origin of the theory of risk criminal law, but also related to the immaturity of the construction of risk criminal law theory. The key word of risk society theory is “risk”, which is identical to “danger” in criminal law, so it determines the feasibility of grafting risk society theory and criminal law theory. Therefore, the basic paradigm of risk criminal law is that the intervention point of criminal law is not the actual violation of legal interest(result), but the possible violation of legal interest(danger), which will lead to both expansion of the function and regulatory scope of the criminal law. To avoid the negative effects of the penalty by risk criminal law, it is necessary to prevent the “risk” of its own, and to precisely measure and evaluate the risk of behavior, so as to decide whether it should be criminalized and allocated a corresponding penalty. Risk criminal law is only a supplement to classical criminal law, rather than a complete replacement. Thus, the coexistence of the two patterns will be a common phenomenon in modern criminal law.

关 键 词：风险社会 风险刑法 刑法功能 法益侵害 基本范式 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]