儿童青少年中高强度身体活动时长特征及其与体质健康关系探究  

Bout Characteristics of MVPA and its Relationship with Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents

作　　者：马晓凯 朱政[1,2,3] 孙晨 赵胜 曹振波 MA Xiaokai;ZHU Zheng;SUN Chen;ZHAO Sheng;CAO Zhenbo(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents,Shanghai 200438,China;Guizhou Provincial Highway Bureau,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]上海市运动与代谢健康前沿科学研究基地(培育),上海200438 [3]上海市学生体质健康研究中心,上海200438 [4]贵州省公路局,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《体育科学》2022年第4期43-49,F0003,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2007005);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2020ETY003)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨儿童青少年中高强度身体活动(MVPA)构成时长特征及其与体质健康间的关系。方法:在上海市3个区招募四年级和八年级学生各360名,根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》要求对儿童青少年进行身体形态及素质测评,使用三轴加速度传感器测量其身体活动水平,统计不同时长分类的MVPA时间(零星:0<单次MVPA<5 min;短时:5≤单次MVPA<10 min;中长时:单次MVPA≥10 min)。有效样本为每天佩戴加速度传感器10 h以上,每周佩戴至少4天(3个工作日,1个周末日)。结果:共407名9~14岁儿童青少年符合数据纳入标准,其中男生185名(占45.5%),四年级学生223名(占54.8%),BMI中位数18.6 kg/m(216.4,21.0),达到平均每天60 min及以上MVPA的人数比例为6.6%。儿童青少年MVPA构成中,零星MVPA占比最大(占59.9%);男生中长时MVPA占比(占24.4%)显著高于女生(占12.3%)(P<0.05),而零星和短时MVPA占比趋势则相反(P<0.05,P=0.033);四年级学生零星MVPA占比(65.4%)显著高于八年级学生(占比51.1%)(P<0.05),而短时和中长时MVPA占比趋势则相反(P<0.05,P<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、BMI、年级和有效佩戴时间混杂变量后二分类逻辑回归结果显示,零星MVPA与体质健康标准达优良级呈正关联,每增加1 min/天,体质健康标准达优良级与未达优良级人数比值比(OR)提高8%(95%CI:4%,13%);四年级学生中,总MVPA、零星MVPA和短时MVPA与体质健康标准达优良级均呈正关联;八年级学生中,仅零星MVPA与体质健康标准达标优良率呈正关联。结论:儿童青少年总MVPA达到国际推荐量的比例极低;零星MVPA是儿童青少年MVPA的主要构成成分,其水平与体质健康标准达优良级呈显著正关联。建议应充分考虑儿童青少年身体活动特点、性别学段差异特征,制定个性化、有针对性的儿童青少年身体活动促进方案。Objective:To explore the bout characteristics of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)and its relationship with physical fitness in children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 3604th and 8th grade students in three districts of Shanghai were recruited in this study.According to the requirements of the National Students’Physical Health Standards(Revised in 2014),the physical fitness of children and adolescents were assessed.Total MVPA,sporadic bouts(0~4 min)of MVPA,short bouts(5~9 min)of MVPA,and medium-to-long bouts(≥10 min)of MVPA were measured over 7 days by using accelerometers.The valid sample was set as wearing the accelerometer for at least 10 hours per day and at least 4 days per week(3 weekdays and 1 weekend day).Results:A total of 407 participants were included in statistical analysis(185 boys,45.5%),and 223 of them were 4th grade students(54.8%).Their BMI median was 18.6 kg/m2,and only 6.6%of them were meeting the international recommendations for MVPA.Sporadic-bouts MVPA accounted for the largest proportion(59.9%).Medium-to-long-bouts MVPA proportion in boys(24.4%)was significantly higher than that of girls(12.3%)(P<0.05),while the proportion of MVPA in sporadic-bouts and short-bouts was opposite(P<0.05,P=0.033).Sporadic-bouts MVPA proportion in 4th grade students(65.4%)was significantly higher than that of 8th grade students(51.1%)(P<0.05),while the proportion of short-and medium-to-long-bouts MVPA had opposite trend(P<0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors(gender,age,BMI,grade and valid wearing time),the results of the binary logistic regression showed that there was a positive correlation between sporadic-bouts MVPA and good-excellent physical fitness standard.For every 1 min/day increase,the odds ratio(OR)was increased by 8%(95%CI:4%,13%)compared with the ratio of good-excellent physical fitness standard and not good-excellent physical health standard.In the 4th grade students,the total MVPA,sporadic-bouts MVPA and short-bouts MVPA were positively correlated with the good-excellen

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 中高强度身体活动 体质健康 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]