基于生态足迹的阿拉善地区生态安全评价  

Appraisal of ecological security based on ecological footprint model in Alxa

作　　者：徐智超 温璐 张雪峰 宋洁 王立新 XU Zhichao;WEN Lu;ZHANG Xuefeng;SONG Jie;WANG Lixin(School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,A Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology,Hohhot 010021,China;School of Resources and Environment,Baotou Normal School,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014030,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,草原生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,内蒙古草地生态学重点实验室,呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古科技大学包头师范学院资源与环境学院,包头014030

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第5期90-97,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0506701);国家自然科学基金(31960249,31560146,31400391);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(ZDZX2018054);内蒙古自治区库布齐科技重大专项项目(2019ZD002)。

摘　　要：生态安全关系到一个地区的资源利用以及社会经济发展的可持续程度。基于生态足迹法核算阿拉善地区1990—2017年生态足迹和生态承载力,运用区域生态赤字、生态压力和万元GDP生态足迹指数评价阿拉善地区生态安全及可持续发展状态。结果表明:研究期间阿拉善地区生态足迹与生态承载力均显著上升,生态足迹和生态承载力分别提高4倍和8.5倍;虽然研究区在研究期间生态承载力增速远高于生态足迹,但总体上区域生态足迹仍大于生态承载力,表现为生态赤字;近30年阿拉善地区生态压力呈下降趋势,生态压力指数由1.57下降到0.81,下降了48.40%;研究期内阿拉善地区万元GDP生态足迹指数显著下降,由0.72下降到0.02,下降95%,表明研究期间该区域资源利用效率显著提高。相关分析结果表明城镇化的推进以及居民的收入水平通过影响生态足迹及生态承载力驱动生态安全。从生态足迹与生态承载力核算角度分析,阿拉善地区社会经济发展目前尚处于非可持续状态,而区域生态承载力以及区域资源利用效率已有大幅提升,可更新资源的生态承载力仍低于区域生态足迹,区域生态安全问题仍需高度重视。Ecological security is related to the utilization of resource and the sustainability of social and economic development in a region.The ecological footprint method is used to calculate the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Alxa League from 1990 to 2017.The ecological deficit,ecological pressure,and 10000 yuan GDP ecological footprint index are used to assess the state of ecological security and sustainable development in Alxa League.The results shows that the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Alxa have a significant upward trend,and the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity have increased by 4 times and 8.5 times respectively during the study.Although the growth rate of ecological carrying capacity is much higher than that of ecological footprint in the study period,the regional ecological footprint is still larger than the ecological carrying capacity in general,showing an ecological deficit.Over the past 30 years,the ecological pressure in Alxa region showed a downward trend.The ecological pressure index decreased from 1.57 to 0.81,a decrease of 48.40%.The ecological footprint of Alxa's GDP per capita showed a significant downward trend,from 0.72 to 0.02,with a drop of 95%,indicating that regional resource utilization efficiency has improved significantly.The results of correlation analysis show that the advancement of urbanization and residents’the income are the main factors that affect the regional ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity.Alxa League’s ecological needs have exceeded the natural carrying capacity.According to the analysis of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity,its social and economic development is not sustainable.Despite the continuous improvement of resource utilization efficiency in Alxa League,its ecological carrying capacity of renewable resources is still lower than its ecological footprint.Regional ecological security issues still require great attention.

关 键 词：生态安全评价 可持续发展 生态足迹 生态承载力 生态赤字 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]