潮白河中游沉积物氮磷和有机质分布特征及评价  

Distribution and evaluation of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in sediments of the middle reaches of the Chaobai River

作　　者：迟明慧 秦延文 杨晨晨[1,2] 温泉 孙宁[1,2] 竹怀林 张雷[1,2] CHI Minghui;QIN Yanwen;YANG Chenchen;WEN Quan;SUN Ning;ZHU Huailin;ZHANG Lei(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Benchmarking and Risk Assessment,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《地学前缘》2022年第4期448-454,共7页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07206-001-03)。

摘　　要：潮白河是京津冀地区的重要河流。本研究以潮白河中游段为研究区,针对该区段沉积物有机质、氮磷污染程度不明的问题,通过对研究区130个采样点表层沉积物中有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的测定,分析了表层沉积物中有机质和氮磷的分布特征及污染来源,将有机指数和有机氮污染指数评价法相结合开展污染及生态风险评价。结果表明:(1)潮白河中游表层沉积物中OM含量变化范围为0.17%~13.15%,平均含量为5.32%;TN的含量为0.005~1.028 g/kg,平均含量为0.192 g/kg;TP的含量为0.367~4.825 g/kg,平均含量为1.662 g/kg。(2)相关性分析表明,OM与TP、OM与TN均呈弱相关,而TN与TP呈强相关。这是因为TN和TP来源相近,主要来自外源,与OM来源有一定差异。根据TOC/TN特征分析,OM主要受藻类、浮游植物和非纤维束植物等影响。(3)有机指数评价结果显示,潮白河中游段表层沉积物监测点中60%为清洁,33.85%为较清洁,4.62%为尚清洁,1.54%为有机污染。有机污染点主要位于运潮减河入潮白河口和田贾庄排干渠入潮白河口。区域有机氮评价结果以清洁级别为主,整体较好。The Chaobai River is a significant river that flows through Beijing,Hebei,and Tianjin areas.Taking the middle reaches of the Chaobai River as the study area,this paper sought to assess the level of nutrient pollution(organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus)in the river sediments.One hundred thirty samples were collected from the study area and the organic matter(OM)content,total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)in the surface sediments were determined.Subsequently,the sources and distribution patterns of the three pollutants were analyzed,and the regional ecological risks were evaluated using a combination of organic pollution index and organic nitrogen pollution index.It was found in that(1)the OM content in the surface sediments varied from 0.17% to 13.15%,averaging 5.32%;TN ranged from 0.005-1.028 g/kg,averaging 0.192 g/kg;and TP ranged from 0.367-4.825 g/kg,averaging 1.662 g/kg.(2)Correlation analysis indicated that OM content was weakly correlated with TP or TN,while TN and TP were strongly correlated.TN and TP came from similar sources—mainly external sources,which is different from OM content.According to TOC/TN analysis,OM content was mainly affected by algae,phytoplankton and plants lack of fiber bundles.(3)According to organic pollution index evaluation results,60% of surface sediment samples were clean(i.e.,pollution free),33.85% were relatively clean,4.62% were almost clean,and 1.54% containd organic polutants.Organic pollution mainly occurred at the entrances of the Yunchaojian River and Tianjiazhuang drainage trunk canal into the Chaobai estuary.The organic nitrogen assessment results showed that the study area was generally free from organic nitrogen pollution and had a good overall pollution ranking.

关 键 词：潮白河 表层沉积物 有机质 营养盐 污染特征 评价 

分 类 号：X141[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X142