苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯植株生长及产量的影响  

Effects of alfalfa soil extract on growth physiology and yield of continuous cropping potato

作　　者：陈喜鹏 石铭福 张卫娜 王勇 康益晨 张茹艳 周春涛 袁文雅 余慧芳 杨昕宇 刘玉汇[2] 张俊莲 秦舒浩[1] CHEN Xipeng;SHI Mingfu;ZHANG Weina;WANG Yong;KANG Yichen;ZHANG Ruyan;ZHOU Chuntao;YUAN Wenya;YU Huifang;YANG Xinyu;LIU Yuhui;ZHANG Junlian;QIN Shuhao(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第8期27-34,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060441);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-09-P14)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯生理性状及块茎产量的影响,为马铃薯连作障碍的缓解和块茎产量提高提供理论依据。【方法】以青薯9号马铃薯为试验材料,以马铃薯5年连作田土壤为盆栽用土,将0,20,40,60,80和100 g清水苜蓿3年连作田0~20 cm根区土壤与1 L蒸馏水混合振荡提取土壤浸提液浇灌盆栽马铃薯,研究不同质量浓度苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯植株生长、全株干物质量、根系形态、酶活性和渗透调节物质含量及产量的影响。【结果】在淀粉积累期,60 g/L处理马铃薯的株高、茎粗和全株干物质量分别较CK提高14.0%,33.3%和32.3%;总根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径、根尖数和根系活力较CK均显著增加;叶片SOD活性显著增强,而MDA和Pro含量显著降低。苜蓿土壤浸提液处理均能提高马铃薯产量,其中以T3处理增产幅度最大,增产率达39.4%。相关性分析表明,马铃薯单株产量与全株干物质量呈极显著正相关。【结论】苜蓿土壤浸提液可以有效改善连作马铃薯的生长状况,并能提高马铃薯产量,以60 g/L苜蓿土壤浸提液效果较好。【Objective】This study explored the effects of alfalfa soil extract on physiological characteristics and tuber yield of continuous cropping potatoes to provide basis for alleviation of continuous cropping obstacles and improvement of tuber yield.【Method】The Qingshu 9 potato and soil from 5-year continuous potato cropping field were selected for potting experiment.Soil extracts were collected after mixing 0,20,40,60,80 and 100 g of clear water alfalfa with 0-20 cm root zone soil from 3 years continuous cropping field with 1 L of distilled water to irrigate potted potatoes.The effects of different mass concentrations of alfalfa soil extracts on plant growth,whole plant dry matter quality,root morphology,enzyme activity,osmotic adjustment substance content and yield were then studied.【Result】During the starch accumulation period,plant height,stem diameter and dry matter quality of potato treated with 60 g/L were increased by 14.0%,33.3%and 32.3%compared with CK.Total root length,root surface area,root volume,root diameter,root tip number and root vitality were significantly increased.The SOD activity of leaves was significantly enhanced,while contents of MDA and Pro were significantly reduced.Alfalfa soil extract treatments also increased yield of potatoes,with the largest increase of 39.4%in T3.Correlation analysis showed that potato yield per plant had extremely positive correlation with dry matter quality of whole plant.【Conclusion】Alfalfa soil extract effectively improved the growth of continuous cropping potatoes and increased potato yield.The treatment with 60 g/L alfalfa soil extract was the best.

关 键 词：马铃薯 苜蓿土壤浸提液 连作障碍 

分 类 号：S532.01[农业科学—作物学]