水稻种子丸粒化技术防除田间杂草初探  

Preliminary Exploration of Rice Seed Pelleting Technology to Control Weeds in the Field

作　　者：朱永东 黄华[2] 冯夏[2] 徐汉虹[1] ZHU Yong-dong;HUANG Hua;FENG Xia;XU Han-hong(Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology,Ministry of Education,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《杂草学报》2022年第1期26-33,共8页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：广东省农业科学院20年院创新基金(编号:18098);广东省重点领域研发计划(编号:2019B020217003)。

摘　　要：直播稻田杂草种类多、发生量大,是限制直播水稻发展的一大难题。提出水稻种子丸粒化技术除草并采用室内盆栽和田间小区试验2种方法进行验证。盆栽试验研究了8种水稻田常用除草剂(嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、嘧草醚、氰氟草酯、丁草胺、乙草胺、五氟磺草胺、扑草净)不同药种比进行包衣对水稻安全性和杂草抑制的效果。依据盆栽试验结果,田间试验研究5种处理嘧草醚药种比1.5∶1000(C3)和1∶1000(C4)、乙草胺药种比20∶1000(F4)、五氟磺草胺药种比6∶1000(G4)、嘧草醚+五氟磺草胺药种比1.5∶6∶1000(C3+G4)的杂草防效和应用效果。盆栽试验表明,种子丸粒化除草具有可行性,C3、C4、F4、G4处理对水稻杂草具有优异的抑制效果,水稻发芽率和杂草抑制率均在80%以上。田间试验表明,复配除草剂配方的防效优于单一配方,C3+G4处理在总草株防效和鲜重防效方面显著优于其他处理,播种15、25、35 d的杂草株防效分别为88.93%、89.35%、88.75%,具有杀草谱广、持效期长、防效高的特点;水稻种子丸粒化控草技术具有省时、省力的优点,仅用1次药就可达到长期控草效果。The species of weeds are excessive and the quantity is much big in direct seeding rice fields,which is a major problem that restricts the development of direct seeding rice.In this study,the concept of weeding with rice seed pelleting technology was proposed and verified via two methods,pot experiment in laboratory and field plot experiment.Pot experiment studied effect of 8 herbicides coated with different formulations on suppering weed and their selectivity,which were commonly used in rice fields,including bensulfuron-methyl,pyrazosulfuron-methyl,sulfoxyfen,cyhalofop-butyl,butachlor,acetochlor,penoxsulam and promethacin.Based on the results of the pot experiment,control weed and application efficacy of five treatments were studied in the field test.The ratios of saxifen were 1.5∶1000(C3)and 1∶1000(C4),the ratio of acetochlor was 20∶1000(F4),the ratio of penoxsulam was 6∶1000(G4),and the ratio of safentrazone+penoxsulam was 1.5∶6∶1000(C3+G4).Pot experiment showed that it was feasible to pellet rice seeds for weeding.And C3,C4,F4,G4 treatments had excellent inhibition on weeds in rice fields.The germination rate of rice and inhibition rate of weeds were above 80%.Field experiment showed that the compound herbicide formula was better than the single formula.The C3+G4 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments in plant effect and fresh weight effect of total weeds,whose effect based on plant were 88.93%,89.35%,88.75%sowing 15,25,35 days later.And it had the characteristics of wide weed-killing spectrum,long lasting period and high control effect.Compared with the traditional method of applying herbicides at least twice or more,the seed pelletized weed control technology can achieve long-term effect to control weeds with only one application.

关 键 词：水稻直播 除草剂 种子丸粒化控草 安全性 防效 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]