光遗传学技术解析药物成瘾的奖赏神经环路机制  

Clarifying the neural circuits underlying drug addictive behaviors using optogenetics

作　　者：黄诗豪 李鑫 韩盈 罗宜孝[1] HUANG Shi-hao;LI Xin;HAN Ying;LUO Yi-xiao(School of Medicine,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;National Institute on Drug Dependence,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学医学院,长沙410081 [2]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京100191

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2022年第2期87-94,共8页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81771434);长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划(kq2106032)。

摘　　要：药物成瘾的神经生物学机制很复杂,一般认为是由大脑神经环路的长期适应性变化和功能失调引起的。已有研究表明慢性药物暴露可改变多个不同脑区的活性。但由于不能精确操控特定的神经环路,成瘾发病机制的研究受阻。光遗传学技术(optogenetics)通过选择性地调控特定类型神经元及神经环路的功能,为研究环路功能与行为间的关系提供了一种高度精确的手段。本文综述了光遗传调控成瘾关键脑区,脑腹侧被盖区(ventral tegmental area,VTA)和伏隔核(nucleus accumbens,NAc)及其神经环路在成瘾行为中的应用。靶向操控VTA和NAc以及它们的传入、传出结构中的特定类型的神经元可阻断这种不顾后果的冲动性奖赏寻求行为,从而为药物成瘾和防复吸的治疗提供了潜在干预靶点和理论支撑。The neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug addiction are very complex,which is generally considered to be caused by the long-term adaptive changes and dysfunction of the neural circuits in the brain.It has been shown that chronic drug exposure can change the activity of multiple brain regions.However,the study of the pathogenesis of addictive behaviors is hindered because of the inability to precisely manipulate specific neural circuits.The development of optogenetics provides a highly accurate method for studying the relationship between the function of neural circuits and behaviors,via selectively modulating the functions of specific neuronal types and neural circuits.This review summarizes the role of ventral tegmental area(VTA),nucleus accumbens(NAc)and their projections in addictive behaviors using optogenetic manipulations.Targeting the specific cell types in VTA and NAc or their afferent and efferent structures could prevent the compulsive reward seeking behaviors,which provides potential targets and theoretical support for the treatment of drug addiction and relapse.

关 键 词：药物成瘾 光遗传学 中脑腹侧被盖区 伏隔核 神经环路 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]