中医“金元四大家”的建构与不同历史书写  

The Construction and History Writing of Four Great Masters of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jin and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：刘鹏 LIU Peng(School of Basic Medical Science,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学基础医学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2022年第7期77-80,共4页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2020年教育部人文社会科学项目(20YJCZH099);2020年广州中医药大学人文社会科学项目重点专项(2020SKZD09)。

摘　　要：将刘完素、张从正、李杲和朱震亨并称为“金元四大家”,这种界定与元末明初儒士宋濂密切相关,但宋濂本人对金元四大家的认识并不固定,在其为不同医家撰写序文时呈现出不同的界定。同时期或后世的不同医家和儒者对金元四大家的界定也常有争议。“金元四大家”问题的提出,是在宋元以来中医儒学化的大背景下,儒士与医者重新梳理中医传承脉络,进而确认自身脉络坐标和传承正统性的需要。金元四大家的界定,与儒者对于医者的选择性褒扬,以及不同医家对于医学传承正统性脉络的不同认识相关,并不完全是医术的考量。In the knowledge system of modern Chinese medicine,Liu Wansu,Zhang Congzheng,Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng are commonly referred to the four great masters of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in Jin and Yuan Dynasties.This definition was closely related to Song Lian,a confucian scholar at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty.But Song Lian's own understanding of the four great masters of TCM in Jin and Yuan Dynasties was not fixed when he wrote prefaces for different TCM physicians.And the definitions of the four great masters of TCM in Jin and Yuan Dynasties were often controversial among different physicians and confucians of the same period or later generations.So the controversy was raised by confucian scholars and physicians in order to confirm their importance and orthodoxy in the academic history of TCM against the background of confucianism of TCM since Song and Yuan Dynasties.The definition was closely related to confucianists'selective praise for physicians and different views on the orthodoxy of medical inheritance,rather than medical skills.

关 键 词：中医金元四大家 医学史 儒学化 河间学派 易水学派 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]