丝状肌动蛋白的组装及其生物学功能  

Assembly and biological functions of filamentous actin

作　　者：吴祖纯 刘新光 陈维春 WU Zuchun;LIU Xinguang;CHEN Weichun(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics,Institute of Aging Research,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省医学分子诊断重点实验室,广东医科大学衰老研究所,广东医科大学生物化学与分子生物学研究所,东莞523808

出　　处：《生命的化学》2022年第5期984-992,共9页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81971329);广东省普通高校创新团队建设项目(2015KCXTD022)。

摘　　要：丝状肌动蛋白(filamentous actin,F-actin)是细胞骨架的组分之一,是由球状单体肌动蛋白(globular actin,G-actin)组装而成的多聚体。细胞中的F-actin聚合过程复杂而有序,并处于动态平衡。F-actin的聚合、解聚由许多结合因子调节,与胞内物质运输、细胞分裂、细胞骨架重排和细胞运动特性等相关。本文介绍了F-actin的组装过程及一些相关的结合蛋白在其中的作用,并着重阐述了胞质中F-actin在肿瘤细胞迁移和免疫逃逸、锚定细胞核、参与病毒感染和衰老,以及核内F-actin参与应激反应、调控基因表达和DNA损伤修复及构成核骨架方面的功能。Filamentous actin(F-actin),a polymer assembled by globular actin(G-actin)aggregation,is one of the components of cytoskeleton.The polymerization and depolymerization of F-actin in cells are both complex and orderly processed in dynamic equilibrium,which is modulated by numerous actin-binding factors and associated with intracellular transportation,cell division,cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell motility.In this review,we thoroughly summarized the assembly process of F-actin and the roles of some related proteins.In addition,the functions of F-actin in the cytoplasm,including tumor cells migration and immune evasion,nuclear anchoring,viral infection and senescence,as well as the functions of nuclear F-actin in the stress response,regulation of gene expression,repair of DNA damage and nucleoskeleton are highlighted.

关 键 词：F-ACTIN 蛋白复合物 组装机制 生物学功能 

分 类 号：Q245[生物学—细胞生物学]