不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂生产及繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of different honeybee pheromones on the honey production and reproductive performance of Apis cerana cerana

作　　者：李鑫 张进明 涂群 江武军 席芳贵 何旭江[1,3] 曾志将 LI Xin;ZHANG Jin-Ming;TU Qun;JIANG Wu-Jun;XI Fang-Gui;HE Xu-Jiang;ZENG Zhi-Jiang(Honeybee Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330200,China;Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,南昌330045 [2]江西省养蜂研究所,南昌330200 [3]江西省蜜蜂生物学与饲养重点实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2022年第3期645-651,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-KXJ15)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了探究蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的生产及繁殖性能的影响。【方法】以蜂蜡为载体,选择4种蜂王上颚腺信息素(9-ODA:9-HDA:HOB:HVA)与蜜蜂幼虫饥饿信息素(β-罗勒烯)按照一定比例组配了4种强蜂素挂片(T1-1组、T1-2组、T2-1组、T2-2组),同时设置一个纯蜂蜡挂片作为空白对照组(CK组)。将2种组配强蜂素(T1-1、T1-2)分别置于特殊密闭容器瓶中,15、30和45 d后用捕集针抽取密闭容器瓶气体,利用气相-质谱联用系统测定2种组配强蜂素(T1-1、T1-2)中β-罗勒烯挥发含量。并系统研究了4种组配强蜂素对无王群急造王台以及对有王群的蜂蜜产量、群势和封盖子数影响。【结果】在15、30和45 d时,2种组配强蜂素中β-罗勒烯挥发量差异不显著(P>0.05),即2种组配强蜂素中β-罗勒烯都能稳定释放;与对照组相比,T1-2组封盖王台出现时间显著延迟(P<0.05),推迟时间2.17 d,但4个实验组间出现封盖王台出现时间差异不显著(P>0.05);T1-1组蜂蜜产量和封盖子数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蜂蜜产量和封盖子数量分别30.18%和30.00%;T1-2组蜂群群势显著强于对照组(P<0.05),提高群势25.15%;4个实验组间蜂蜜产量、封盖子数和蜂群群势都差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂生产及繁殖性能都有积极作用,为进一步在养蜂生产中推广蜜蜂信息素产品提供了理论支撑。[Objectives]To investigate the effects of honeybee pheromones on Apis cerana cerana honey production and reproduction.[Methods]Using beeswax as a medium,four complex pheromones(T1-1,T1-2,T2-1,T2-2)were created by mixing four mandibular gland pheromone gradients(9-ODA,9-HAD,HOB,HVA)with β-ocimene.Untreated beeswax was used as the control(CK).T1-1,T1-2 were isolated in jars and β-ocimene was quantified with GC-MS after 15,30 and 45 days.The impacts of the four complex pheromones on emergency queen rearing,honey production and the amount of bees and brood,were quantified.[Results]The amount of releasedβ-rolene was not significantly different between T1-1 and T1-2 after 15,30 and 45 days,suggesting that the release of this pheromone is stable.Compared to the control group,emergency queen rearing in the T1-2 group was delayed by 2.17 days(P<0.05).However,the four treatment groups did not differ significantly in this regard(P>0.05).Compared to the control group,the T1-1 group had 30.18%higher honey production and 30.00% more brood(P<0.05).The T1-2 group had 25.15% more adults bees compared to the control group(P<0.05).The number of adult bees and the amount of brood did not,however,differ significantly among the four treatment groups(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Our results suggest that specific pheromones facilitate colony growth in A.c.cerana.This finding provides theoretical support for the application of pheromones in apiculture.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 信息素 β-罗勒烯 蜂王信息素 

分 类 号：S892[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]