不同河道形态下泥沙浓度对齐口裂腹鱼生存影响研究  

Influences of sediment concentration on the survival of Schizothorax Prenanti in different river morphologies

作　　者：马铭悦 郭静瑜 马旭东[1] 聂锐华[1] MA Ming-yue;GUO Jing-yu;MA Xu-dong;NIE Rui-hua(Stale Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain Rirer Engineering,College of Water Resource&Hydropower.Sichuan Uniersity,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室水利水电学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2022年第3期73-80,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20319)。

摘　　要：为研究不同河道形态下泥沙浓度对齐口裂腹鱼生存的影响,在观测水槽试验中不同泥沙浓度和河道形态条件下齐口裂腹鱼位置分布、死亡率、死亡时间等参数的基础上,基于三维雷诺应力模型进行了流场数值模拟,继而分析了齐口裂腹鱼生存状态与各水沙参数的相关性。研究结果表明,齐口裂腹鱼的位置分布主要受流速控制,其次受泥沙浓度影响。随着泥沙浓度升高,齐口裂腹鱼死亡率增大,存活时间缩短。滩地和江心洲具有避难效应,泥沙浓度5.0 kg/m;时,单一河道中试验鱼达到半致死率需9.0 h,而在滩地和江心洲分别为20.0 h和12.0 h。不同避难区的避难效果存在差异,滩地的避难效果优于江心洲,主要与泥沙浓度和避难区尺寸有关。To understand the influences of sediment concentration on the survival of Schizothorax Prenanti in different river morphologies, flume experiments were used to observe the location, mortality and death time of fish in different sediment concentration and different channels. The flow field was simulated based on the 3 D Reynolds stress model. The correlation between the survival condition of Schizothorax Prenanti and water and sediment parameters were analyzed. Results show that fish location is mainly controlled by flow velocity, and by sediment concentration secondly. With increasing of sediment concentration, the mortality rate of Schizothorax Prenanti increased and the survival time shortened. Floodplain and central bar have refuge effects on Schizothorax Prenanti. Under the sediment concentration of 5.0 kg/m~3, it takes 9.0 hours to reach the half-death rate in single channel, however 20.0 hours and 12.0 hours in floodplain and central bar. Different refuges have different refuge effects. The refuge effects of floodplain are better than central bar, and mainly related to the sediment concentration and the size of refuges.

关 键 词：齐口裂腹鱼 泥沙浓度 河道形态 数值模拟 避难区 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]