变转速旋转机械振动信号的瞬时频率估计算法  

A Time-domain Based Algorithm to Estimate the Instantaneous Frequency for Rotating Machineries Under Variable Speed Conditions

作　　者：徐寒丞 洪流 XU Han-cheng;HONG Liu(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学机电工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报》2022年第4期93-100,共8页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51605349).

摘　　要：振动信号阶次追踪技术是齿轮箱故障检测中应用最广泛的技术之一。齿轮箱大多数情况下都处于变速运行状态,产生的时变信号,仅靠传统的分析方法很难诊断故障,因为时变分量会造成严重的频谱模糊。针对这种特殊工况下的齿轮箱故障诊断,提出了一种基于动态时间规整(DTW)的转速估计算法,DTW将经过过滤的归一化的信号与估计的旋转频率恒定的正弦参考信号进行对齐,然后从获得的对齐序列中估计出振动信号转速信息,再作为阶次重采样的参考转速得到振动信号的阶次谱,由此产生的齿轮箱阶次谱能够消除原始信号的频谱模糊,更易于诊断故障。通过对民用航空发动机采集的振动信号进行分析和比对,证明了提出的算法是有效的。Vibration signal order tracking technology is one of the most widely used technologies in gearbox fault detection.In most cases,the gearbox is in variable speed operation,and the time-varying signal generated is difficult to diagnose the fault only by the traditional analysis method,because the time-varying component will cause serious spectrum ambiguity.For gearbox fault diagnosis under this special working condition,This paper proposes a speed estimation algorithm based on dynamic time warping(DTW).DTW aligns the filtered normalized signal with the estimated sinusoidal reference signal with constant rotation frequency,Then the rotational speed information of the vibration signal is estimated from the obtained alignment sequence,and then the order spectrum of the vibration signal is obtained as the reference rotational speed of order resampling.The resulting gearbox order spectrum information can eliminate the spectrum ambiguity of the original signal and is easier to diagnose the fault.By analyzing and comparing the vibration signals collected by civil aviation engine,it is proved that the proposed algorithm is effective.

关 键 词：非平稳信号 转速估计 状态监测 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]