平菇培养料不同处理工艺的理化性质与微生物菌群动态  

Physicochemical properties and microbial dynamics of different substrate treatment processes for oyster mushroom cultivation

作　　者：曹娜 王祎璠 陈青君[1] 张国庆[1] 胡晓艳[2] CAO Na;WANG Yifan;CHEN Qingjun;ZHANG Guoqing;HU Xiaoyan(Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique,College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,农业新应用技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第3期705-711,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队项目(BAIC05-2020);北京市科技计划项目(Z181100009818007)资助。

摘　　要：为了解平菇栽培过程中培养料不同处理工艺的理化性质和微生物动态差异,采用诱导灭菌(Y)和发酵料短时高温(D)两种工艺,测定培养料混料期、发酵后、灭菌后和菌丝满袋期4个时期的理化性质,采用高通量测序技术研究培养料中细菌群落演替、木质纤维素降解优势菌群、共生网络分析,并统计产量和生物学效率.结果表明,Y工艺的成棒率、产量和生物学效率均高于D工艺,分别为99.20%、136.90 kg和110.62%.Y工艺在发酵后pH值(7.95)和含氮量(1.23%)高于D工艺的pH值(6.28)和含氮量(0.99%).在发酵后至满袋期,Y工艺木质素的降解率快速升高(升高37.21%),而D工艺木质素降解率提升了21.4%.厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门微生物在两种工艺中均为优势类群,但Y工艺中厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度最高,D工艺中厚壁菌门丰度最高.SparCC相关分析表明,与D工艺相比,Y工艺中丰度排名前15的优势细菌(属水平)与木质纤维素各组分含量的相关性更显著.相关性网络图显示,虽然D工艺的网络更复杂,但是Y工艺微生物之间的正相关关系比例更大.本研究表明Y工艺能够创造更好的微生物环境和较高的木质纤维素降解率,其产量和生物学效率更高.(图4参23)The differences in the physicochemical properties and microbial dynamics of different substrate treatment processes for oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus)cultivation were investigated.Two processes were evaluated:induction sterilization(Y)and short-term high-temperature fermentation(D).The physicochemical properties of the substrate were determined during four periods:mixing,post-fermentation,post-sterilization,and filling.Bacterial community succession,dominant lignocellulose-degrading bacteria,and correlation network analyses were performed using high-throughput sequencing.The mushroom yield and biological efficiency were also determined.The results demonstrated that the success rate,yield,and biological efficiency of the Y process were higher than those of the D process(99.20%,136.90 kg,and 110.62%,respectively).The pH(7.95)and nitrogen content(1.23%)of the post-fermentation period in the Y process were higher than those of the D process(pH,6.28;nitrogen content,0.99%).From the post-fermentation to the filling periods,the lignin degradation rate of the Y process increased by 37.21%,whereas that of the D process increased by 21.4%.In both treatment processes,the dominant bacterial communities in the feed included Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroides,and Actinomycetes.Furthermore,the abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the highest in the Y process,whereas that of Firmicutes was the highest in the D process.SparCC correlation analysis showed that the correlation of the top 15 abundant bacterial genera with the lignocellulose component levels was much more significant in the Y process than in the D process.Correlation network analysis of bacteria suggested that the bacterial network of the D process was more complex,whereas the positively correlated bacteria in the Y process were higher.This study revealed that the Y process could create a better microbial environment and a higher lignocellulose degradation rate,and its yield and biological efficiency were higher than those of the D process.

关 键 词：平菇 栽培工艺 理化性质 木质纤维素 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]