立法视角下学前教师的权益保障:国际经验比较与启示——以美、法、加、新四国为例  

Protection of Preschool Teachers Rights and Interests from the Perspective of Legislation——Take America,France,Canada and Singapore for the Example

作　　者：赵森 黄青 ZHAO Sen;HUANG Qing(Yan'an University, Yan 'an, Shanxi 716000,China;Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China;Yiyang Teachers College, Yiyang, Hunan 413099, China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学教育科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081 [3]益阳师范高等专科学校学前教育系,湖南益阳413099

出　　处：《现代教育科学》2022年第4期114-120,129,共8页Modern Education Science

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目“‘三孩’政策背景下新一线城市学龄儿童母亲的教育焦虑体验研究”(项目编号:21B0935);益阳市社会科学基金一般项目“存爱与去碍:社会学视野中的乡村家庭教育策略研究”(项目编号:2022YS132)。

摘　　要：学前教师作为个体生命开端的守护者与领航人,其水平直接影响着学前教育质量。从国际上看,美国形成了由联邦奠基、州政府因地制宜配套的法案,法国以立法形式确定了全方位的学前教师培养与管理体系,加拿大颁布了《学前教师法案》专项法案并构建了沟通渠道,新西兰特有“幼儿教师集体协议”……这些做法均有力保障了各国学前教师的权益。对照国际经验,我国未来学前教师法律政策发展需进一步思考的方向为:进一步明确学前教师的法律身份,依法对其专业发展进行赋权增能;切实提升经济欠发达地区学前教师的基本权益,积极打造教师反馈交流的平台;深化学前教育机构治理体系改革,促进教师专业资本实质发展。As the guardian and leader of the beginning of individual life,preschool teachers'level directly affects the quality of preschool education.From an international perspective,the United States has formed a bill based on the foundation of the federal government and supported by the state government according to local conditions;France has established a comprehensive preschool teacher training and management system in the form of legislation;Canada has promulgated a special act of the“Preschool Teachers Act”and established communication channels;New Zealand's unique“Preschool Teachers'Collective Agreement”...These practices have effectively protected the rights and interests of preschool teachers in various countries.Based on international experience,further clarify the legal identity of preschool teachers,empower their professional development according to law;effectively enhance the basic rights and interests of preschool teachers in economically underdeveloped areas,and actively create a platform for teachers'feedback and exchange;deepen the governance system of preschool education institutions Reform to promote the substantial development of teachers'professional capital is the direction that needs to be further considered in the development of legal policies for preschool teachers in the future of our country.

关 键 词：学前教师 学前教育法 权益保障 专业发展 国际经验 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]