地铁道岔滑床板失效仿真及结构优化  

Failure simulation and structure optimization of slide plate in metro turnout

作　　者：陈鹏[1,2] 王朋松 辛涛 霍海龙[1] 王聚光 张宏亮 CHEN Peng;WANG Pengsong;XIN Tao;HUO Hailong;WANG Juguang;ZHANG Hongliang(School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Urban Construction Design&Development Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100037,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Track Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司,北京100037 [3]北京交通大学轨道工程北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期2361-2369,共9页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2020YJS117);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51678047);北京市科技新星资助项目(Z191100001119126);北京市科委资助项目(Z191100002419006)。

摘　　要：针对地铁9号道岔焊接滑床板频繁脱焊及压舌断裂问题,基于数值仿真方法和疲劳伤损理论,分析滑床板失效的原因,提出滑床板结构的优化建议。首先,建立车辆−道岔耦合动力模型,通过仿真获得轮轨力时程曲线。然后,建立焊接滑床板有限元仿真模型,将轮轨力作为移动荷载输入仿真模型,计算获得滑床板焊缝及压舌的应力时程,进而对滑床板压舌及焊缝的疲劳寿命进行评估。最后,提出滑床板整铸方案解决脱焊问题,提出压舌加宽及根部改进倒圆弧方案解决压舌断裂问题。研究结果表明:焊接滑床板焊缝端部及压舌根部存在应力集中,疲劳寿命较低,易发生损坏。滑床板整铸方案可有效消除焊缝带来的应力集中,压舌加宽及根部倒圆弧优化方案可以有效降低压舌应力峰值。采用2种优化方案后,滑床板压舌应力峰值降低25.3%,疲劳寿命延长30倍以上。The failure problems of slide plates in No.9 turnouts of metro lines were discussed,including tongue depressor fracture and welding separation.Based on the numerical simulation methods and fatigue damage theory,the failure reasons were analyzed.The structure optimization schemes of slide plate were proposed.Firstly,a vehicle-turnout coupling dynamic model was established.The time-history curve of wheel-rail force was obtained according to the simulation.Then,a finite element model of slide plate was established.Using the wheel-rail force as input loads,the stress time-history curve of welded seam and tongue depressor were obtained.Next,the fatigue life of the welded seam and tongue depressor were evaluated.Finally,an integral casting scheme was proposed to solve the welding separation problem.A widened and improved inverted arc design scheme was proposed to solve the fracture problem.The results show that the stress concentration phenomenon exists at both the end of welded seam and the root of tongue depressor where the fatigue life is lower and the fatigue damages are easier to occur.The proposed integral casting scheme can eliminate the stress concentration caused by welded seam.The widened and improved inverted arc design schemes can effectively reduce the peak stress of depressor.Adopting the two schemes,the peak stress of depressor is reduced by 25.3%and the fatigue life was extended by more than 30 times.

关 键 词：滑床板 仿真 车−岔耦合 疲劳寿命 优化 

分 类 号：U213.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]