黄河源园区典型高寒草原牧草营养特征及家畜承载力研究  

Study on Nutrient Characteristics of Herbage and Carrying Capacity of Livestock on Typical Alpine Steppe in Yellow River Source Park

作　　者：耿远月 徐田伟[1] 王循刚 张骞 张晓玲 康生萍 胡林勇[1] 刘宏金[1] 赵娜[1] 罗崇亮 李英年[1] 徐世晓[1] GENG Yuan-yue;XU Tian-wei;WANG Xun-gang;ZHANG Qian;ZHANG Xiao-ling;KANG Sheng-ping;HU Lin-yong;LIU Hong-jin;ZHAO Na;LUO Chong-liang;LI Ying-nian;XU Shi-xiao(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Institute of Sanjiangyuan National Park, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/三江源国家公园研究院,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第7期1829-1835,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-7);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2005010406,XDA23060603);青海省科技支撑项目(2020-NK-166)资助。

摘　　要：三江源国家公园地处青藏高原腹地,是国家重要的生态资源资产区,生态战略地位十分突出。本研究选择黄河源园区3种典型高寒草原,测定不同季节牧草的养分供给状态并计算家畜承载力,为实现黄河源园区草畜平衡提供数据支撑。结果表明:不同季节的植被数量特征、牧草营养特征和承载力表现为:紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)草原显著高于冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)草原;从生态保护的角度出发,紫花针茅、垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾草原盛草期的家畜承载力分别为1.72 SHU·hm-2,1.41 SHU·hm-2和1.18 SHU·hm-2;枯草期的家畜承载力分别为0.35 SHU·hm-2,0.34 SHU·hm-2和0.10 SHU·hm-2。综上所述,紫花针茅草原可以为黄河源园区提供更多的牧草养分。结合放牧家畜对牧草的营养需求,建议根据牧草产量和营养的季节动态,优化草畜资源空间配置。Sanjiangyuan National Park is an important national ecological resource asset area with prominent ecological strategic position,which is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,three typical alpine grasslands in the Yellow River Source Park were selected to determine the nutrient supply status of forage in different seasons and calculate the livestock carrying capacity to provide the supporting data for realizing the balance of grass and livestock in the Yellow River Source Park.The results showed that the quantitative characteristics of vegetation,herbage nutritional characteristics and carrying capacity in different seasons were as follows:Stipa purpurea grassland and Elymus nutans grassland were significantly higher than Poa crymophila grassland;From the perspective of ecological protection,the livestock carrying capacity of Stipa purpurea,Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila grassland were 1.72 SHU·hm-2,1.41 SHU·hm-2 and 1.18 SHU·hm-2,respectively,during the flourishing period;0.35 SHU·hm-2,0.34 SHU·hm-2and 0.10 SHU·hm-2,respectively,during the withering period.To sum up,Stipa purpurea grassland could provide more forage nutrition for the Yellow River Source Park.Combined with the nutritional needs of grazing livestock for forage,it recommended that the spatial allocation of forage and livestock resources should be optimized according to the seasonal dynamics of pasture production and nutrition.

关 键 词：黄河源园区 高寒草原 牧草营养特征 草地承载力 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]