分级设施选址问题研究进展与展望  

Review of the hierarchical facility location problem

作　　者：林建新[1] 林孟婷 王皖东 张智旋 LIN Jianxin;LIN Mengting;WANG Wandong;ZHANG Zhixuan(Beijing Urban Transportation Infrastructure Engineering Technology Research Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Metropolitan Transportation,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学北京市城市交通基础设施建设工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学首都世界城市顺畅交通协同创新中心,北京100044

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第7期1121-1131,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(5170080357);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8184066);北京市社会科学基金资助项目(21GLB034)。

摘　　要：建设多中心、多层级、多节点的网络型城市群,适应区域内部交通需求结构转变,加强公共基础设施一体协同规划具有重大研究意义。分级设施选址问题主要研究如何通过科学、合理的选址决策,经济、高效地实现设施服务优化,是资源差异化、服务约束条件下的多层级网络设计问题。近年来,由于设施服务复杂性提升、需求差异化日益显著,分级设施选址问题受到了更多学者关注。该文归纳、分析了40年来,特别是近6年的分级设施选址问题研究,发现在医疗、枢纽、供应链系统等应用领域,为了平衡系统规划设计的多指标与场站设施规模差异化特征,解决系统服务可及性与现实需求不匹配等问题,多目标嵌套模型、动态及随机约束以及以多元化搜索与停止准则为热点的启发式算法效率优化成为主要研究趋势。同时,在产品检验、回收背景下的供应链逆向物流系统、基于梯次分类处理模式的垃圾场站规划设计以及突出乘客需求体验交通枢纽的选址优化也成为近些年的重点研究领域。未来,随着服务水平及效率要求提升,分级理念在区域协同治理下的城市群服务设施分级布局与集中式电动汽车充电站差异化布局等领域将有广阔的应用场景。Public infrastructure construction must be carefully coordinated with the construction of multi-center, multi-level, multi-node urban networks, especially transportation networks, to balance regional traffic demands. The hierarchical facility location problem(HFLP) optimizes facility locations so that the network provides efficient and economic services, which is a network design problem with various resources and limited services. This problem has attracted much attention because of the increased complexity of facility services and the diversified demands. This review of HFLP research over the past forty years, especially the past six years, shows that the main research trends involve traditional fields such as healthcare, transportation hubs, and supply chains. In order to balance multiple system planning requirements with the various characteristics and scales of various types of network facilities, and to solve problems related to the mismatch between the availability of system services and the actual needs, multi-objective nested models, dynamic and random constraints, the efficient optimization of heuristic algorithms with important issues like various search and stopping criteria have become the main research trends. Studies have also analyzed the supply chain reverse logistics system for product inspection and recycling, the design of waste storage facilities using the echelon classification processing model, and the optimization of transportation hub locations that serve passenger needs. With the improved service levels and efficiency requirements, the hierarchical concept can improve services for a broad range of applications in various areas such as the hierarchical location of urban agglomeration service facilities and the layouts of centralized electrical vehicle charging stations.

关 键 词：分级设施选址 系统工程 布局优化 

分 类 号：O221.7[理学—运筹学与控制论]