弦管南音“固首”体系研究  

A Study on the“Gushou”System of Xianguan Nanyin

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作  者:许彩萍[1] XU Cai-ping(College of Arts,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区:[1]厦门大学艺术学院,福建厦门361005

出  处:《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2022年第4期161-172,共12页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

摘  要:闽南地区南音已有千年历史,其能够传承至今,音乐界多认为在于它的固定调能保留其特色。但既有固定调,为何还存在五空管C、G首调,四空管F首调,倍思管D首调,五空四亻ㄨ管C首调,对此音乐界尚无定论。相关历史文献资料,包括黑胶木古唱片涉及南音“固首”体系中有指标价值的有三种:一是道光年《琵琶指法》、咸丰年《文焕堂指谱》、民国元年《泉南指谱重编》的“固首”体系传承;二是1953年刘鸿沟出版《闽南音乐指谱全集》“固首”传承史载,主要研究南音工ㄨ谱、五线谱、简谱的管门对照“固首”体系;三是新中国弦管南音“固首”传承三阶段,主要研究建国初、“文革”时代、改革开放至今南音“固首”体系的传承与南音非遗保护。研究发现,在南音历史传承的工ㄨ谱法理论体系下,弦管南音独特的“固首”双重唱奏体系,是保古存真“口传心授”和“口传谱授”传承的动力,该结论对于保护非遗南音特别有学术价值和实际意义。Nanyin has a history of nearly a thousand years in Southern Fujian.Most musical professionals believe that the reason it can be inherited to this day is its fixed do solfège,which can help retain its characteristics.But why in Nanyin,which has fixed do solfège,there are Wukongguan C,G movable do solfège,Sikongguan F movable do solfège,Beisiguan D movable do solfège,and Wukongsi亻ㄨguan C movable do solfège?There is no settled conclusion in this field.There are three kinds of relevant literature,including the vinyl records with index value on the“Gushou”system of Nanyin:the first is the inheritance of the“Gushou”system in Pipa Zhifa of the Daoguang period,Wenhuantang Zhipu of the Xianfeng period,and New Edition of Quannan Zhipu,published in the first year of the Republic of China.The second is the comparison of Guanmen of“Gushou”system among the Nanyin工ㄨscore,stave,and numbered musical notation,according to the recorded history of the inheritance of the“Gushou”system in The Complete Works of Zhipu of Minnan Music by Liu Honggou,published in 1953.And the last is the three stages of the inheritance of the“Gushou”system of Xianguan Nanyin in China,which focus on the inheritance of the“Gushou”system of Nanyin and the preservation of this world heritage in the early period of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the“Cultural Revolution”,and the reform and opening-up period up to now.The study finds that the unique dual sight-singing and playing system of“Gushou”of Nanyin is a powerful source of vitality for its impart and inherit by“mouth and heart imparting”and“mouth and music score imparting”way,under the theoretical system of工ㄨscore through the historical inheritance of Nanyin.It is of great academic value and practical significance for the preservation of the world heritage of Nanyin.

关 键 词:弦管南音 固定调 首调 固首 双重唱奏体系 

分 类 号:J609.2[艺术—音乐]

 

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