“新一代之成规”:宋《营造法式》的诞生及其历史作用  

“The Norm for a New Generation”:The Birth of Yingzao-fashi and Its Historical Role

作　　者：马鹏飞 MA Pengfei(College of Architecture&Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期102-110,124,共10页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划项目“一带一路背景下中式建筑艺术符号学传播策略研究”(21PJC111)。

摘　　要：当前学者对《营造法式》的研究侧重于解读其记载的营造技术内容,对于其政治和社会层面的意义涉及较少。为何这部伟大的建筑法规会出现在北宋而不是其他朝代,以及其施行效果如何都是值得探索的问题。在特定的历史条件下,宋代功利主义思想催生了包括熙宁变法、元丰改制在内的一系列旨在增强帝国经济和军事实力的政治社会改革。《营造法式》的出现与这些改革有着紧密的联系:负责编写《营造法式》的将作监是在元丰改制之后才重新设置的,这部法规的编纂历程与熙宁变法的兴废有着时间上的对应关系。《营造法式》颁布后,蔡京和宋徽宗掀起了一股大兴土木之风,一定程度上加速了北宋王朝的覆灭。《营造法式》中记载的系统性的建筑技术内容是中国古代官式建筑发展成就的集中体现,但这种发展背后的推动力却不是技术的进步,而是基于社会现实的政治诉求。The current scholars focus more on the interpretation of the construction techniques recorded in the Yingzao-fashi,but less on its political and social significance.Why this great building code appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty instead of other dynasties and how effective it was after its implementation are questions worth exploring.In the specific historical condition,the Song utilitarianism gave rise to a series of political and social reforms aiming to strengthen imperial finance and military.These reforms contributed to the enactment of Yingzao-fashi:the construction department Jiangzuojian responsible for compiling the construction code was re-established by the reforms of Yuanfeng-gaizhi,and there is a temporal correspondence between the compilation of the code and the progress of the reforms of Xining-bianfa.Instead of realizing the purpose of the legislation,the issue of Yingzao-fashi then resulted in a construction boom led by Cai Jing and Emperor Huizong,which accelerated the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.The technical content in Yingzao-fashi radically represents the development of official Chinese architecture,while the driving force of this advancement was the political demands based on social reality rather than the progress of construction technique.

关 键 词：《营造法式》 功利主义思想 元丰改制 熙宁变法 

分 类 号：TU[建筑科学]