从“年十岁则诵古文”谈司马迁生年  

On Sima Qian's Birth Year from"Reciting Ancient Prose at the Age of Ten"

作　　者：吴淑玲[1] 王婧娴 Wu Shuling;Wang Jingxian

机构地区：[1]河北大学文学院

出　　处：《励耘学刊》2022年第1期316-330,M0014,M0015,共17页

摘　　要：“年十岁则诵古文”出自《太史公自序》,这句话是考察司马迁生年的重要线索。近年出土的书体资料证明,古文是先秦古文。《古文尚书》直至汉武帝末年才由孔安国家人献出,且并未被立为学官,司马迁修习的《古文尚书》只能由孔安国私授。而元光五年(前130)公孙弘受到重用后,儒学才开始在社会上流行。以司马谈崇尚道家的政治态度,他不会在儒学立足未稳,孔安国也未被立为博士的情况下让其子去修习尚未大行的《古文尚书》,且司马迁在家乡也并不具备修习古文的条件。司马迁生于公元前135年之说更为可信。Sima Qian said in the Preface to the Tai Shi Gong that himself u recites ancient prose when he is ten years old",which is extremely important to investigate the age of his birth.The calligraphy materials unearthed in recent years prove that the ancient prose is the ancient prose of the Pre-Qin Dynasty.It was not until the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the Ancient Shangshu was donated by Kong Anguo's family,and it was not established as an academic official.The Ancient Shangshu studied by Sima Qian can only be privately awarded by Kong Anguo.Confucianism gradually became popular in the society after Gongsun Hong was reused in the fifth year of Yuanguang(130BC).With Sima Tan's political attitude of advocating Taoism,he will not let his son study the Ancient Shangshu when Confucianism has not a stable foothold and Kong An'guo has not been established as a doctor.And Sima Qian did not have the conditions to study ancient prose in his hometown.Therefore,it is more plausible that Sima Qian was born in 135BC.

关 键 词：书体演变 儒学 司马迁 茂陵移民 

分 类 号：K825.81[历史地理—历史学]