家畜饲喂机器人研究进展与发展展望  

Research Progress and Outlook of Livestock Feeding Robot

作　　者：杨亮[1] 熊本海[1] 王辉 陈睿鹏 赵一广 YANG Liang;XIONG Benhai;WANG Hui;CHEN Ruipeng;ZHAO Yiguang(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《智慧农业（中英文）》2022年第2期86-98,共13页Smart Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2000804);重庆市重点课题(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0091);动物营养学国家重点实验室课题(2004DA125184G2104)。

摘　　要：家畜养殖的生产模式已由粗放型向集约型转变,生产水平不断提高,但较低的劳动生产率和劳动力短缺等问题严重制约中国家畜养殖业的快速发展。利用现代信息和人工智能技术,研发家畜饲喂机器人,包括喂料、推料等机器人,实现数字化、智能化的家畜养殖,提高畜牧养殖生产力是解决上述问题的主要途径。为深入分析机器人技术在家畜养殖中的研究现状,本文收集了国内外家畜机器人研究实例和文献资料,从轨道式喂料机器人、自走式喂料机器人和推料机器人3个方面重点介绍家畜饲喂机器人的研究进展,分析了饲喂机器人的技术特点和实际应用情况,从技术和应用两个方面对国内外饲喂机器人进行了比较,并从战略规划制定、核心技术发展和产业发展趋势三个方面进行展望并提出发展建议,为家畜饲喂机器人在中国的进一步发展和应用提供参考。The production mode of livestock breeding has changed from extensive to intensive,and the production level is improved.However,low labor productivity and labor shortage have seriously restricted the rapid development of China’s livestock breeding industry.As a new intelligent agricultural machinery equipment,agricultural robot integrates advanced technologies,such as intelligent monitoring,automatic control,image recognition technology,environmental modeling algorithm,sensors,flexible execution,etc.Using modern information and artificial intelligence technology,developing livestock feeding and pushing robots,realizing digital and intelligent livestock breeding,improving livestock breeding productivity are the main ways to solve the above contradiction.In order to deeply analyze the research status of robot technology in livestock breeding,products and literature were collected worldwide.This paper mainly introduced the research progress of livestock feeding robot from three aspects: Rail feeding robot,self-propelled feeding robot and pushing robot,and analyzed the technical characteristics and practical application of feeding robot.The rail feeding robot runs automatically along the fixed track,identifies the target animal,positions itself,and accurately completes feed delivery through preset programs to achieve accurate feeding of livestock.The self-propelled feeding robot can walk freely in the farm and has automatic navigation and positioning functions.The system takes single chip microcomputer as the control core and realizes automatic walking by sensor and communication module.Compared with the rail feeding robot,the feeding process is more flexible,convenient and technical,which is more conducive to the promotion and application of livestock farms.The pushing robot will automatically push the feed to the feeding area,promote the increase of feed intake of livestock,and effectively reduce the labor demand of the farm.By comparing the feeding robots of developed countries and China from two aspects of techn

关 键 词：机器人 自走式 人工智能技术 集约型转变 劳动力短缺 产业发展趋势 畜牧养殖 家畜养殖 

分 类 号：TP242.3[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S817[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]