情绪面孔的意识神经相关物及其无意识自动 加工:来自事件相关电位的证据  

Neural correlates of consciousness of emotional faces and the unconscious automatic processing:Evidence from event-related potentials(ERPs)

作　　者：孙博 曾宪卿 许恺煜 谢韵婷 傅世敏 SUN Bo;ZENG Xianqing;XU Kaiyu;XIE Yunting;FU Shimin(Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences,School of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育学院心理系/脑与认知科学中心,广州510006

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第8期867-880,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部科技创新2030重大项目(2021ZD0203800);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31970993);广州市智能治理(教育)学生发展中心平台建设项目(GJZNZL-2021001)。

摘　　要：意识的神经相关物尚有争议,且个体能否无意识自动检测视觉环境变化尚不清楚。本研究采用非注意视盲范式操控视觉意识,并引入具有社会信息的情绪面孔,探讨意识的神经相关物以及视觉意识与自动检测变化机制的关系。在A阶段,部分被试对任务无关的情绪面孔处于无意识水平;在B阶段,所有被试对任务无关的情绪面孔处于意识水平;在C阶段,所有被试对任务相关的情绪面孔处于意识水平。结果显示,任务无关的情绪面孔的意识过程诱发视觉意识负波(visual awareness negativity,VAN)、晚期正成分(late positivity,LP)和晚期枕区正成分(late occipital positivity,LOP)。此外,无意识的情绪面孔能诱发视觉失匹配负波(visual mismatch negativity,vMMN),且其幅值不受意识影响,但是受任务相关性调制。这些结果提示对情绪面孔的视觉意识在不同的时间进程上有不同的ERP指标--VAN反映早期知觉经验,而LP和LOP反映晚期意识过程,而且面孔情绪信息的自动加工独立于视觉意识,但是受视觉注意调制。The neural correlates of consciousness are debatable due to the confounding effects of subjective reports.In addition,although previous studies have suggested that vMMN is relatively insensitive to the manipulation of visual attention,the relationship between vMMN and visual consciousness remains unclear.The inattentional blindness paradigm can not only effectively manipulate visual consciousness,but also explore the conscious process without relying on subjective reports.Therefore,we used this paradigm to manipulate visual consciousness.Moreover,we introduced emotional(happy and fearful)faces,which are biologically and socially significant visual stimuli,to explore the neural correlates of consciousness and the relationship between automatic detection of changes and visual consciousness.Fifty-six Chinese participants took part in the present study.We recorded electroencephalography(EEG)in three phases.In phase A,the participants needed to detect changes of the red dots.However,because they were not informed of the existence of emotional faces,some participants were unconscious of the task-irrelevant emotional faces.In phase B and C,all participants were informed about the emotional faces.Thus,they were conscious of the emotional faces.Specifically,in phase B,the participants still needed to detect changes of the red dots,and the emotional faces are task-irrelevant.However,in phase C,the participants were asked to detect changes of emotional faces,and thus they were task-relevant in phase C.To check the conscious state of emotional faces,subjects were required to fill out an awareness questionnaire after completing phases A and B.Then the participants were divided into unconscious group and conscious group according to their conscious state of emotional faces in phase A.Results can be summarized as following.(1)Two primary contrasts were made:conscious versus unconscious(equally task irrelevant)to reveal the neural correlates of consciousness and task-relevant versus task-irrelevant(equally aware)to reveal the ef

关 键 词：非注意视盲 情绪面孔 视觉失匹配负波 视觉意识负波 晚期正成分 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]