“大悟十八”非大慧宗杲说  

Dahui-Zonggao Didn’t Say“Enlightenment Eighteen Times”

作　　者：夏金华[1] XIA Jinhua

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2022年第3期86-94,197,198,共11页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划“冷门”绝学和国别史等研究专项“禅病、舍利和开悟”(项目编号:2018ZJX003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：南宋禅师大慧宗杲的“大悟十八遍,小悟不计其数”之说,是宗门里长期流传、影响巨大的名句。事实上,这是误传。明初宋濂借金碧峰之口,指为大慧之说,只是一家之言,并未得到禅门的一致认同。至明末,因莲池、澫益之提举,遂误为正说。本文梳理相关史料,论述明清以来对此说作者问题之争议可知,不仅大慧所有遗著中并无此说,且哲学家李贽、高僧密云圆悟、俍亭净挺禅师等人以为,“大悟十八”是为宋儒杨简所说。但又多为儒家士夫所否认,今存之明代刻本杨氏个别文献中亦无此记载。直至清代康熙年间,佛教界始间接承认“大悟十八”非大慧说,并得到包括大慧和密云圆悟两大系统后人的共同认可。The doctrine of“eighteen times of enlightenment and countless small enlightenments”of Dahui-Zonggao,a master in the Southern Song Dynasty,is a well-known saying that has been circulating in the ChanSect for a long time and has great influence.In fact,this is a misrepresentation.In the early Ming Dynasty,Songlian borrowed Jin Bifeng’s words to refer to Dahui,which was just a preliminary view,but was not unanimouslyrecognized by Chan Sect.To the end of the Ming Dynasty,because of the promotion of master Lianchi and Ouyi,the statement was mistaken for the correct one.This paper combs the relevant historical data and discusses thecontroversy about the author of this theory since Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is clear that not only does Dahuinever say this in all his works,but philosophers such as Lizhi,Master Miyun-Yuanwu and Liangting Jingting believed that“Enlightenment eighteen times”originated from a Confucianism scholar Yangjian in the SongDynasty.But most of them were denied by Confucian scholar-bureaucrats,and there was no such saying in the existing Ming Dynasty engraved edition of Yang’s individual literature.Until the reign of Kangxi in the QingDynasty,Buddhist circles began to acknowledge that“Enlightenment eighteen times”was not Dahui,and it was recognized by the descendants of two systems,Dahui and Miyun Yuanwu.

关 键 词：大悟十八 宋濂 杨简 李贽 密云圆悟 俍亭净挺 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]