困境与破局:基于"宜养"的上海15分钟社区生活圈探索  

Dilemmas and Breakthroughs:Exploring Shanghai's 15-Minute Community Life Circle Based on the Care for the Elderly

作　　者：戴颂华[1] 李晴[1] DAI Songhua;LI Qing

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《时代建筑》2022年第2期48-53,共6页Time + Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金面上项目:旧城微更新中居民参与机制优化研究(19BSH018);同济大学高密度区域智能城镇化协同创新中心、上海同济城市规划设计研究院课题:上海住区应对老龄化社会的精细化规划设计标准研究

摘　　要：自2000年中国迈入老龄化社会后,积极应对人口老龄化已经上升为国家战略.上海面对老龄人口数量大,高龄、纯老家庭和独居多的巨大压力,2005年在全国率先提出构建"9073"养老服务模式,继而提出建设"五位一体"的社会养老服务体系.2015年上海启动"15分钟社区生活圈"规划研究,然而却也面临"坚""难"掣肘,一是老有所养需求强劲与供给空间紧缩的矛盾,二是存量用地和闲置空间盘活与"僵化"规范"围城"的冲突.依托上海丰富的医疗和社区服务资源,文章梳理出15分钟社区生活圈中社区宜养"破局"的三大策略,即精细化理念下的因地制宜、一区(社区)一策,全要素清单式的强长板、补短板,以及全过程、全周期多元参与下的共建共治和长效共管,同时强调全面评估和制定精准灵活的社区养老服务设施标准和规范的重要性.Since 2000 when China entered the stage of an aging society,it has become a national strategy to actively respond to the aging population.In 2005,under the great pressure from a large number of elderly people,huge venerable age groups,elderly families,and elderly people who live alone,Shanghai took the lead in initiating the "9073" pension service model in China and in turn proposed the development of the "five-in-one" social pension service system.In 2015,Shanghai launched the planning research of 15-Minute Community Life Circle,but was faced with arduous constraints-the contradiction between the strong demand for the elderly care and the limited spaces in supply,as well as the conflict between the revitalization of stock land and "idle" space and the "siege" of the "rigid" regulations.Relying on the ample resource of medical and community services in Shanghai,this paper introduces three strategies of communitybased care in the 15-Minute Community Life Circle,namely,adjusting measures to local conditions with one strategy for one community under the refining concept,strengthening the advantage and mending the disadvantage with the total factor checklist,and advancing the governance of multi-participation in the whole process and the whole cycle for the longterm effective development.It also emphasizes the importance of assessing comprehensively and instituting the precise and flexible standards and regulations for community facilities that offer the service of elderly care.

关 键 词：15分钟社区生活圈 宜养 社区养老 养老服务设施 

分 类 号：TU981-01[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU251