基于正轴大圆海图的极区航行方法  

Polar Navigation with Normal Great Circle Chart

作　　者：王小海 唐正平 季超 郭正东[1] WANG Xiaohai;TANG Zhengping;JI Chao;GUO Zhengdong(Navigation Observation and Communication Department,Naval Submarine Academy,Qingdao266000,China)

机构地区：[1]海军潜艇学院航海观通系,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国航海》2022年第2期62-68,共7页Navigation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51979047)。

摘　　要：为建立符合现有作业习惯、便于绘算作业的极区航行方法,定义新的方向计量“旋衡度”以简化大圆航线的表达与执行,为正轴大圆投影海图设计旋衡度方向与距离量取方法;结合改进方向显示的导航设备,为实现极区海图作业打下基础。结果表明:极区范围内该海图的长度变形与角度变形有限,可在高纬度的大比例尺海图上进行类似中低纬度的海图作业。该方法拓展极区导航的方向定义,降低对航行用图等角性的要求,避开地理方向恒向线与大圆弧不一致带来的原理性误差,并且可方便地扩展为全球范围的大圆航行方法。A new rotation measure is defined to simplify the representation and implementation of a great circle route.A polar navigation method easy to use and adapted to current navigation practice is developed based on the Rotation Measure.The method to measure the rotation direction and distance on a normal great circle chart is devised.Chart work usually do in low-medium latitude can be implemented in polar region too,because the distortion of charts in length and direction is limited in the area.The method presented here expended the definition of direction in polar navigation,lowed the requirement in isogonality and avoided the principle error caused by the deviation of the rhumb line from the great circle line.

关 键 词：航行方法 正轴大圆投影海图 极区航行 大圆航行 旋衡度 量距网 

分 类 号：K248.105[历史地理—历史学]