我国南北方地区谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染水平差异分析  

Analysis on the difference of deoxynivalenol pollution level in cereals in north and south in China

作　　者：郝得隆 亓志莹 任兴葡 段鸿渐 安康 李群伟 HAO De-long;QI Zhi-ying;REN Xing-pu;DUAN Hong-jian;AN Kang;Li Qun-wei(School of Public Health and Health Management,Shandong First Medical Universily,(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences),Tai'an,Shandong 271016,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院,山东泰安271016 [2]泰安市妇幼保健院放射科

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2022年第2期91-94,共4页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81060228,81273155)。

摘　　要：目的描述我国南、北方地区谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)的污染水平,分析比较南、北方地区谷物中DON的含量差异。方法利用分层抽样方法,2019年7—10月收集我国南、北地区共12个省份农户储藏和市售常见的5种谷物粮食样本,采取酶联免疫吸附法检测DON含量。结果共收集样本数945份,平均含量为(157.56±169.37)μg/kg,超标样本数有9份,超标率为0.95%;南方地区粮食中DON平均含量由高到低依次为:玉米(229.79±351.79)μg/kg、面粉(227.61±225.96)μg/kg、黄豆(130.65±23.84)μg/kg、小米(117.10±36.97)μg/kg、大米(112.83±39.97)μg/kg;北方地区粮食中DON平均含量由高到低依次为:玉米(198.94±240.18)μg/kg、小米(165.99±102.70)μg/kg、面粉(163.10±111.73)μg/kg、黄豆(145.69±113.41)μg/kg、大米(87.54±37.65)μg/kg;南方地区玉米(Z=1.967,P<0.05)、面粉(Z=2.252,P<0.05)、大米(Z=7.348,P<0.05)DON平均含量高于北方,小米(Z=2.754,P<0.05)、黄豆(Z=2.722,P<0.05)DON平均含量低于北方;南方地区与北方地区粮食DON超标率差异没有统计学意义(χ=0.918,P>0.05)。结论我国南、北方地区谷物均不同程度检测出DON毒素,且有部分谷物超出国家安全限值,其中,玉米受DON污染较为严重;除小米外,其他几种谷物南方地区DON含量均不同程度高于北方地区,南方谷物的污染问题值得重视。Objective To describe the pollution level of deoxynivalenol(DON)in grains in northern and southern regions of China,and to analyze and compare the differences in DON content in grains in northern and southern regions of China.Methods Using stratified sampling method,5 kinds of common grain samples were collected from farmers in 12 provinces in the north and south of China from July to October 2019.The DON content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results A total of 945 samples were collected,and the average content was(157.56±169.37)μg/kg.There were 9 samples exceeding the standard,and the exceeding rate was 0.95%.The average content of DON in the south was from high to low:corn(229.79±351.79)μg/kg,flour(227.61±225.96)μg/kg,soybean(130.65±23.84)μg/kg,millet(117.10±36.97)μg/kg and rice(112.83±39.97)μg/kg;The average content of DON in the north was from high to low:corn(198.94±240.18)μg/kg,millet(165.99±102.70)μg/kg,flour(163.10±111.73)μg/kg,soybean(145.69±113.41)μg/kg and rice(87.54±37.65)μg/kg;The average DON content of corn(Z=1.967,P<0.05),flour(Z=2.252,P<0.05)and rice(Z=7.348,P<0.05)in southern China was higher than that in the north,the average DON content of millet(Z=2.754,P<0.05)and soybean(Z=2.722,P<0.05)was lower than that in the north;There was no significant difference in the DON excess rate between the southern and northern regions(χ~2=0.918,P>0.05).Conclusion DON toxins were detected in grains in the northern and southern regions of China to varying degrees,and some grains exceeded the national safety limit.Among them,corn was more seriously polluted by DON;Except for millet,the DON content of other grains in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region to varying degrees.In some regions,the contamination of grains in the south deserves attention.

关 键 词：粮食污染 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 酶联免疫吸附法 地区差异 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]