从稻作起源到中华文明成长的早期历史图景  

Panorama of the Early History of China from the Origin of Rice Farming to the Rise of Civilization

作　　者：郭立新[1] 郭静云 GUO Lixin;GUO Jingyun(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Department of History,Chung Cheng University,Chiayi 621020,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学人类学系,广东广州510275 [2]台湾中正大学历史学系,中国台湾嘉义621020

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2022年第4期31-38,共8页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：世界最早的稻作新石器革命的发祥地在中国,最早的原生文明之一亦在中国。南岭至长江流域是东亚渔民、农民定居生活的摇篮,其中走完全程并结出硕果的是澧阳—洞庭平原万年前的十里岗文化和彭头山文化。后者完全放弃狩猎野兽,只保留在水边射鸟和捕捞,发展渔业和采集水域食物,并专心驯化水稻和鸡鸭,修建环濠聚落,初创历法,成为后世农耕定居生活的典范。此地社会一脉相承发展之后,在公元前四千多年前创造专业化的生产和交易,相继修建城市,发明冶炼和文字,创建国家。发源于长江中游的历史长河万年不绝,并逐渐与中国其它地区文化交流与同化融合。中华大文明的形成,虽然一直以发展平原农耕文明为主流,但同时也不断融合吸收山地猎民文化、不同区域农耕和半农耕混合文化以及草原游战和游牧文化,绵延至今而越发壮阔。The birthplace of the earliest rice farming in the world is in Neolithic China,and the birth of one of the earliest civilizations also happened in China.The cradle of the settled fishing and farming societies in East Asia was located in the area between the Nanling Mountains and the Yangtze River Basin.The Shiligang and Pengtoushan cultures in the Liyang-Dongting plain were the only ones to have fruitfully completed the Neolithic journey ten thousand years ago.The Pengtoushan culture gave up hunting wild game completely,while only hunting birds and fishing.They developed fisheries and gathered food commonly found around bodies of water,while concentrating on rice and poultry domestication,settlement construction,and developing the solar calendar that became the model of settled farming society for the future generations.Having been in continuous development in the area more than 6000 years ago,this society created specialized production and engaged in trade,successively built cities,invented smelting and writing,and created a state.Originating in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,it had survived for thousands of years,and gradually participated in cultural exchange and assimilation with other regions of China.Although the primary driving force behind the rise of the Chinese civilization was the development of plains farming,this civilization fused with and absorbed various mountains hunting cultures,mixed farming and semi-farming cultures of different regions,as well as various grasslands nomadic and warrior cultures.It continues to grow and become more magnificent to this day.

关 键 词：新石器革命 原生文明 文明融合 中华文明 

分 类 号：K871.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]